Le système d'approvisionnement en terres dans les villes d'Afrique de l'Ouest

Le système d'approvisionnement en terres dans les villes d'Afrique de l'Ouest
Author: Alain Durand-Lasserve
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 196
Release: 2015-06-24
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1464805350


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Les marchés fonciers urbains et périurbains des villes d’Afrique de l’Ouest en expansion rapide opèrent dans des contextes où coexistent des régimes fonciers différents et où les procédures d’accès aux terrains sont complexes. Un cadre d’analyse faisant défaut jusqu’ici, ce livre propose une approche systémique et l'applique à la zone urbaine et périurbaine de Bamako et à son hinterland rural. La méthode repose sur une analyse des différentes filières d’approvisionnement en terres et identifie, depuis la mise en circulation des terres agricoles pour répondre aux besoins en terrains à usage résidentiel, les changements de tenure et types de transactions qui accompagnent le passage aux terrains urbains, ainsi que les interactions entre les différentes filières. L'analyse montre que l’approvisionnement en terre est à l’origine assurée par la filière coutumière, qui prédomine dans les zones périurbaines, et par la filière publique et parapublique où l’État alloue des terrains à usage d’habitation aux individus ou les cède à des sociétés de promotion foncière et immobilières. Ces filières alimentent la filière privée formelle qui met ensuite sur le marché, à des prix élevés, des parcelles viabilisées avec titre de propriété. Les parcelles peuvent être cédées successivement, avec un degré d'informalité qui dépend de la tenure, de la légalité de la transaction et de son enregistrement. Alors que le développement du marché formel est entravé par des facteurs structurels, le marché foncier informel offre peu de sécurité. Adapté aux revenus moyens et bas, le marché informel attire aussi les acheteurs aisés et introduits auprès de l’administration et du pouvoir politique, et qui peuvent plus facilement obtenir une formalisation de la tenure. Prix des terrains et coûts de transaction élevés, conflits fonciers, procédures de formalisation longues et complexes, et diversité des acteurs se combinent dès lors pour entraver l’accès au foncier des pauvres en milieu urbain.

Author:
Publisher: TheBookEdition
Total Pages: 275
Release:
Genre:
ISBN:


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Elliptic Partial Differential Equations From An Elementary Viewpoint: A Fresh Glance At The Classical Theory

Elliptic Partial Differential Equations From An Elementary Viewpoint: A Fresh Glance At The Classical Theory
Author: Serena Dipierro
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 670
Release: 2024-07-02
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9811290814


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This is a textbook that covers several selected topics in the theory of elliptic partial differential equations which can be used in an advanced undergraduate or graduate course.The book considers many important issues such as existence, regularity, qualitative properties, and all the classical topics useful in the wide world of partial differential equations. It also includes applications with interesting examples.The structure of the book is flexible enough to allow different chapters to be taught independently.The book is friendly, welcoming, and written for a newcomer to the subject.It is essentially self-contained, making it easy to read, and all the concepts are fully explained from scratch, combining intuition and rigor, and therefore it can also be read independently by students, with limited or no supervision.

Trust-based Recommendations in Multi-layer Networks

Trust-based Recommendations in Multi-layer Networks
Author: Claudia Heß
Publisher: IOS Press
Total Pages: 246
Release: 2008
Genre: Artificial Intelligence
ISBN: 9783898383165


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The huge interest in social networking applications – Friendster.com, for example, has more than 40 million users – led to a considerable research interest in using this data for generating recommendations. Especially recommendation techniques that analyze trust networks were found to provide very accurate and highly personalized results. The main contribution of this thesis is to extend the approach to trust-based recommendations, which up to now have been made for unlinked items such as products or movies, to linked resources, in particular documents. Therefore, a second type of network, namely a document reference network, is considered apart from the trust network. This is, for example, the citation network of scientific publications or the hyperlink graph of webpages. Recommendations for documents are typically made by reference-based visibility measures which consider a document to be the more important, the more often it is referenced by important documents. These two networks, as well as further networks such as organization networks, are integrated in a multi-layer network. This architecture allows for combining classical measures for the visibility of a document with trust-based recommendations, giving trust-enhanced visibility measures. Moreover, an approximation approach is introduced which considers the uncertainty induced by duplicate documents. These measures are evaluated in simulation studies. The trust-based recommender system for scientific publications SPRec implements a two-layer architecture and provides personalized recommendations via a web interface.

Publications

Publications
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 94
Release: 1914
Genre: Mines and mineral resources
ISBN:


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New Ways to Save Energy

New Ways to Save Energy
Author: A.S. Strub
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 1255
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9400989903


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Proceedings of the International Seminar organized by the Commission of the European Communities, held in Brussels, 21-25 October 1979

Research on Transport Economics 1999

Research on Transport Economics 1999
Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 430
Release: 1999-11-23
Genre:
ISBN: 9264074171


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This Annual Information Bulletin presents a survey of research in hand on the social and economic aspects of transport in over 400 specialised agencies which are mainly European (West and East) but in some cases American, Canadian or Australian.

Handbook on the History of European Banks

Handbook on the History of European Banks
Author: Manfred Pohl
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 1334
Release: 1994-01-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781781954218


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Analyse: Banque cantonale vaudoise: p. 1072-1078.