Spatial Versus Non Spatial Determinants Of Shopping Center Rents

This study is an attempt to model the economic trade-off between spatial and non-spatial determinants of shopping center rents while assessing the role of neighborhood and location attributes in the rent setting process. For that purpose, two space-related indices, namely the Economic Potential Index (EPI) and the Center Attraction Index (CAI), are designed based on a major origin-destination phone survey and on financial data obtained for eight major shopping centers in Quebec City, Canada. The database, which is processed through a regional GIS, includes 1,007 retail units, representing some 4.4 million square feet of gross leasable area. While findings confirm that the EPI act as a significant determinant of shopping center rents, they also bring out the complexity of the relationships between endogenous and exogenous rent determinants.

This book takes a cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural look atmass appraisal expertise for property valuation in different marketconditions, and offers some cutting- edge approaches. The editors establish an international platform and present thescientific debate as well as practical feasibility considerations.Heretic and orthodox valuation methods are assessed based onspecific criteria, partly technical and partly institutional.Methodological evaluation is approached using two types ofcriteria: operational concerns about how to determine propertyvalue differentials between spatial and functional units of realestate in a valid and reliable way (technical criteria); and thekind of market circumstances being operated in (institutionalcriteria). While technical criteria are relatively well-researched,there is little theoretically informed work on the connectionbetween country context and selection of property appraisalmethods. The book starts with an examination of current mass propertyappraisal practices, presenting case studies from widely differingmarkets - from the American and Dutch, where regression-basedmethods have been used successfully for some time; to the EasternEuropean and other emerging economies, where limitations have to becompensated by focusing on the modelling assumptions. The second part of the book looks at sophisticated modellingapproaches, some of which represent combinations of elements fromtwo or more techniques. Whatever the exact modelling approach, therequirements are always high for the quality of the data andsuitability of the method. In the final section, methods areevaluated and compared according to technical criteria and againstinstitutional contexts.With its exceptionally wide coverage ofvaluation issues, Mass Appraisal Methods: an internationalperspective for property valuers addresses property valuationproblems common to different countries and approaches applicable inboth developed and emerging economies.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Operations Research, grade: 2.5, , course: PhD, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this research is to bridge the gap between retail research results on customer movement in shopping centers and importance of space syntax analysis in predicting indoor navigation pattern for better understanding of store space allocation, store location and tenanting decision making in shopping malls. A bid-rent model is specified and solved under the condition of profit maximization of individual stores to examine the impact of customer density in predicting store space allocation and rental decision making. To predict the importance of visibility in customer density distribution, data were collected through recording navigational preferences of individuals in computer generated situations of shopping mall junctions using a convenience sampling method. The visibility characteristics were studied using visibility graph analysis by syntax 2D software tools. The model is extended under condition of revenue maximization of the entire mall in rationalizing tenanting decision making. Tenanting, rent and store space allocation decisions depend on the customer density distribution throughout the shopping mall. Natural movement and consequent natural customer density depend on the visual integration of a location along with metric distance from the access point. Revenue maximization of the shopping mall depends on the strategic positioning of different store types. The positioning of different stores in turn depends on the spatial configuration, which dictates natural customer density distribution. This paper, being the first of its kind, integrates retail research wisdom and syntactic measures to illustrate the efficacy of space design as a strategic decision making tool, instead of just an accommodator of functions.

The field of Urban Dynamics itself is based on the systems engineering concept that all complex systems (and cities and urban areas are no exception) are comprised of independent and often smaller, more understandable sub-components with relationships to one another. This allows for the system as a whole to be modeled, using knowledge of the individual subsystems and their behaviors. In this instance, urban dynamics allows for the modeling and understanding of land use, the attractiveness of space to residents, and how the ageing and obsolescence of buildings affects planning and economic development, as well as population movements, with the urban landscape. The book adopts a trans-disciplinary approach that looks at the way residential mobility, commuting patterns, and travel behavior affect the urban form. It addresses a series of issues dealing with the accessibility of urban amenities, quality of life, and assessment of landscape residential choices, as well as measurement of external factors in the urban environment and their impact on property values.

This book introduces three innovative concepts and associated financial instruments with the potential to revolutionise real estate finance. The factorisation of commercial real estate with factor-based real estate derivatives is the first concept analysed in this book. Methodological issues pertaining to factors in real estate risk analysis are covered in detail with in-depth academic reference. The book then analyses the digitalisation of commercial real estate. The environment in which buildings operate is changing fast. Cities which used to be made up of inanimate architectural structures are growing digital skins and becoming smarter. Smart technologies applied to the built environment are fundamentally changing buildings’ role in cities and their interactions with their occupants. The book introduces the concept of smart space and analyses the emergence of ‘digital rights’ or property rights for smart buildings in smart environments. It proposes concepts and methods for identifying, pricing, and trading these new property rights which will dominate commercial real estate in the future. Finally, the tokenisation of commercial real estate is explored. Sometimes described as an alternative to securitisation, tokenisation is a new tool in financial engineering applied to real assets. The book suggests two innovative applications of tokenisation: private commercial real estate index tokenisation and data tokens for smart buildings. With factorisation, digitalisation, and tokenisation, commercial real estate is at the forefront of innovations. Real estate’s unique characteristics, stemming from its physicality, trigger new ways of thinking which might have a profound impact on other asset classes by paving the way for micro markets. Factor-based property derivatives, digital rights, and tokens embody how commercial real estate can push the boundaries of modern capitalism and, in doing so, move at the centre of tomorrow’s smart economies. This book is essential reading for all real estate, finance, and smart technology researchers and interested professionals.

"This 10-volume compilation of authoritative, research-based articles contributed by thousands of researchers and experts from all over the world emphasized modern issues and the presentation of potential opportunities, prospective solutions, and future directions in the field of information science and technology"--Provided by publisher.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2016 in the subject Art - Architecture / History of Construction, grade: 2.5, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur (Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology), language: English, abstract: Organized retail formats are growing twice as fast as their traditional counterparts. But, in spite of that, the mall management is concerned about the rising rate of vacancy leading to economic unsustainability. The reason for high mall vacancy rates can be ascribed to faulty tenant placement and irrational rental plan. Existing studies on the tenant-mix-decisions focus more on inter store externality and not on the spatial logic. Moreover, normal industry practice follows rule-of-thumb instead of any scientific approach. A bid-rent model for profit maximization of individual stores is solved to identify the relationship between area allocation and rental decision with the customer density at that point. The customer density in turn depends on the accessibility and explained through visibility graph analysis and agent based simulation. The findings support the superiority of configurational characteristic over metric distances. A model for profit maximization of the entire shopping mall is proposed to explain the tenanting, rental and anchor rent subsidization decisions based on logic of spatial configuration. Space planning, in this way, can be considered as a tool for strategic decision making instead of an accommodator of functions.

The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of private real estate markets and investments. The 14 chapters are divided into three sections for conventional and alternative real estate investments and regulatory issues.