Ambient Sensor Based Vital Sign Monitoring System

Ambient Sensor based vital sign monitoring has been emerging and more attractive in the field of health care. Market study shows that there is a need for continuous monitoring of vital signs. A set of ambient vital sign monitoring sensors are studied in thesis. Pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor is used for non-contact based resting heart rate estimation. This infrared system monitors and records the chest motion of a subject using the analog output signal of the PIR sensor. The analog output signal represents the composite motion due to inhaleexhale process with magnitude much larger than the minute vibrations of heartbeat. Since the acceleration of the heart activity is much faster than breathing the second derivative of the PIR sensor signal monitoring the chest of the subject is used to estimate the resting heart rate. This new system provides a low cost and an effective way to estimate the resting heart rate, which is an important biological marker. Ballistocardiogram (BCG) technique is used for non-invasive vital sign measurement system. Polyvinylidene flouride (PVDF) and Electromechnical film (EMFi) sensor are used for non-intrusive based vital sign monitoring. Respiration rate is estimated based on the inhale and exhale breathing force exerted on the sensors. Data is collected from various subjects and the results are validated to the industry standard sensors. A total of 30 subjects (5 females) are recruited. The age group of subjects lies between 20 and 55 years old. During the experiment subjects were wearing their own outfits. The experiment was conducted in a standard lab environment. Prior to the experiment an institutional review board (IRB) approval is obtained from human research protection program (HRPP).

Ambient Sensor based respiratory rate monitoring has been one of the emerging and most attractive field of research in of healthcare advancements. Market study shows that there is multidisciplinary need for continuous monitoring of vital signs. A set of ambient vital sign monitoring sensors are studied in thesis. Pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensor is used for non-contact based resting respiration rate estimation. This infrared system monitors and records the chest motion of a subject using the analog output signal of the PIR sensor. The analog output signal is a composite motion of the inhale-exhale process and the vibrations of heartbeat. This system proposes a low cost and an effective way to estimate the respiratory rate, which is an important biological marker. Respiration rate is estimated based on the inhale and exhale breathing chest motion detected by the pyroelectric infrared sensors. This thesis aims to review the literature on contact and non-contact methods of respiratory monitoring and to propose a non-contact system for respiratory rate monitoring and estimation

Vital signs, such as heart rate and respiration rate, are useful to health monitoring because they can provide important physiological insights for medical diagnosis and well-being management. Most traditional methods for measuring vital signs require a person to wear biomedical devices, such as a capnometer, a pulse oximeter, or an electrocardiogram sensor. These contact-based technologies are inconvenient, cumbersome, and uncomfortable to use. There is a compelling need for technologies that enable contact-free, easily deployable, and long-term monitoring of vital signs for healthcare. Contactless Vital Signs Monitoring presents a systematic and in-depth review on the principles, methodologies, and opportunities of using different wavelengths of an electromagnetic spectrum to measure vital signs from the human face and body contactlessly. The volume brings together pioneering researchers active in the field to report the latest progress made, in an intensive and structured way. It also presents various healthcare applications using camera and radio frequency-based monitoring, from clinical care to home care, to sport training and automotive, such as patient/neonatal monitoring in intensive care units, general wards, emergency department triage, MR/CT cardiac and respiratory gating, sleep centers, baby/elderly care, fitness cardio training, driver monitoring in automotive settings, and more. This book will be an important educational source for biomedical researchers, AI healthcare researchers, computer vision researchers, wireless-sensing researchers, doctors/clinicians, physicians/psychologists, and medical equipment manufacturers. Includes various contactless vital signs monitoring techniques, such as optical-based, radar-based, WiFi-based, RFID-based, and acoustic-based methods. Presents a thorough introduction to the measurement principles, methodologies, healthcare applications, hardware set-ups, and systems for contactless measurement of vital signs using camera or RF sensors. Presents the opportunities for the fusion of camera and RF sensors for contactless vital signs monitoring and healthcare.

Through the use of enhanced sensitivity sensors and carefully matched electronics, Active Signal Technologies, under contract with MRMC, developed and tested a portable Vital Signs Monitor (VSM). The purpose of the VSM is to monitor the condition of casualties at the point of injury and display the two principal vital signs of pulse rate and breathing rate and an additional temperature display that provides an indication of surface temperature. The sensors are contained in a band that is attached to the neck--a site selected in order to avoid the necessity of tearing the casualty's clothing for sensor placement. One sensor rests on the carotid and the other over the larynx. Once in place, the sensor's signals are conditioned and digitized by suitable electronics to count pulse rate, breathing rate, and temperature. The system was tested successfully on patients at the University of Maryland Shock Trauma Center and on pilots at the National Guard Armory at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds. It performed well with an occasional low reading from persons with very faint breathing signals. The next system literation can include isolating all signals from any ambient noise or motion.

This book documents the state of the art in the field of ambient assisted living (AAL), highlighting the impressive potential of novel methodologies and technologies to enhance well-being and promote active ageing. The coverage is wide ranging, with sections on care models and algorithms, enabling technologies and assistive solutions, elderly people monitoring, home rehabilitation, ICT solutions for AAL, living with chronic conditions, robotic assistance for the elderly, sensing technologies for AAL, and smart housing. The book comprises a selection of the best papers presented at the 9th Italian Forum on Ambient Assisted Living (ForitAAL 2018), which was held in Lecce, Italy, in July 2018 and brought together end users, technology teams, and policy makers to develop a consensus on how to improve provision for elderly and impaired people. Readers will find that the expert contributions offer clear insights into the ways in which the most recent exciting advances may be expected to assist in addressing the needs of the elderly and those with chronic conditions.

This highly anticipated new edition provides a comprehensive account of face recognition research and technology, spanning the full range of topics needed for designing operational face recognition systems. After a thorough introductory chapter, each of the following chapters focus on a specific topic, reviewing background information, up-to-date techniques, and recent results, as well as offering challenges and future directions. Features: fully updated, revised and expanded, covering the entire spectrum of concepts, methods, and algorithms for automated face detection and recognition systems; provides comprehensive coverage of face detection, tracking, alignment, feature extraction, and recognition technologies, and issues in evaluation, systems, security, and applications; contains numerous step-by-step algorithms; describes a broad range of applications; presents contributions from an international selection of experts; integrates numerous supporting graphs, tables, charts, and performance data.

As diverse as tomorrow’s society constituent groups may be, they will share the common requirements that their life should become safer and healthier, offering higher levels of effectiveness, communication and personal freedom. The key common part to all potential solutions fulfilling these requirements is wearable embedded systems, with longer periods of autonomy, offering wider functionality, more communication possibilities and increased computational power. As electronic and information systems on the human body, their role is to collect relevant physiological information, and to interface between humans and local and/or global information systems. Within this context, there is an increasing need for applications in diverse fields, from health to rescue to sport and even remote activities in space, to have real-time access to vital signs and other behavioral parameters for personalized healthcare, rescue operation planning, etc. This book’s coverage will span all scientific and technological areas that define wearable monitoring systems, including sensors, signal processing, energy, system integration, communications, and user interfaces. Six case studies will be used to illustrate the principles and practices introduced.

This book provides a broad survey of the field of biochips, including fundamentals of microelectronics and biomaterials interaction with various, living tissues, as well as numerous, diverse applications. Although a wide variety of biochips will be described, there will be a focus on those at the brain-machine interface. Analysis is included of the relationship between different categories of biochips and their interactions with the body and coverage includes wireless remote control of biochips and arrays of microelectrodes, based on new biomaterials.

Sensor technology for monitoring vital signs is an important topic for various service applications, such as entertainment and personalization platforms and Internet of Things (IoT) systems, as well as traditional medical purposes, such as disease indication judgments and predictions. Vital signs for monitoring include respiration and heart rates, body temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, electrocardiogram, blood glucose concentration, brain waves, etc. Gait and walking length can also be regarded as vital signs because they can indirectly indicate human activity and status. Sensing technologies include contact sensors such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), photoplethysmogram (PPG), non-contact sensors such as ballistocardiography (BCG), and invasive/non-invasive sensors for diagnoses of variations in blood characteristics or body fluids. Radar, vision, and infrared sensors can also be useful technologies for detecting vital signs from the movement of humans or organs. Signal processing, extraction, and analysis techniques are important in industrial applications along with hardware implementation techniques. Battery management and wireless power transmission technologies, the design and optimization of low-power circuits, and systems for continuous monitoring and data collection/transmission should also be considered with sensor technologies. In addition, machine-learning-based diagnostic technology can be used for extracting meaningful information from continuous monitoring data.

A complete guide to the state of the art theoretical and manufacturing developments of body sensor network, design, and algorithms In Body Sensor Networking, Design, and Algorithms, professionals in the field of Biomedical Engineering and e-health get an in-depth look at advancements, changes, and developments. When it comes to advances in the industry, the text looks at cooperative networks, noninvasive and implantable sensor microelectronics, wireless sensor networks, platforms, and optimization—to name a few. Each chapter provides essential information needed to understand the current landscape of technology and mechanical developments. It covers subjects including Physiological Sensors, Sleep Stage Classification, Contactless Monitoring, and much more. Among the many topics covered, the text also includes additions such as: Over 120 figures, charts, and tables to assist with the understanding of complex topics Design examples and detailed experimental works A companion website featuring MATLAB and selected data sets Additionally, readers will learn about wearable and implantable devices, invasive and noninvasive monitoring, biocompatibility, and the tools and platforms for long-term, low-power deployment of wireless communications. It’s an essential resource for understanding the applications and practical implementation of BSN when it comes to elderly care, how to manage patients with chronic illnesses and diseases, and use cases for rehabilitation.