Vanadium Catalysis

Vanadium is one of the more abundant elements in the Earth’s crust and exhibits a wide range of oxidation states in its compounds making it potentially a more sustainable and more economical choice as a catalyst than the noble metals. A wide variety of reactions have been found to be catalysed by homogeneous, supported and heterogeneous vanadium complexes and the number of applications is growing fast. Bringing together the research on the catalytic uses of this element into one essential resource, including theoretical perspectives on proposed mechanisms for vanadium catalysis and an overview of its relevance in biological processes, this book is a useful reference for industrial and academic chemists alike.

Vanadium: Extraction, Manufacturing and Applications offers systematic coverage of the state-of-the-art in research and development of vanadium. Five chapters cover the basic background of vanadium, including extraction, applications, and the development of vanadium in industry and manufacturing, with a focus on industrial Panzhihua in China, which has one of the largest reserves of vanadium in the world. Based on the author’s 30+ years of experience in vanadium-based materials, including in industrial development, this book provides a solution for understanding the nature, sourcing, manufacture, and uses of vanadium in high-tech industry. Vanadium is critical to high-tech industry, and is used as a catalyst and as a functional material. It has applications including in high-stress alloys, batteries and supercapacitors, and catalysts. Research on vanadium has accelerated rapidly in scope and depth in recent years. Covers the different vanadium extraction processes Describes the configuration of industry relating to vanadium, focusing on products and processes Details vanadium applications in technology and in relation to particular product categories Considers the case of vanadium resource shortages, and the industry response Provides the necessary background to the theory, practice, technology, and manufacture of vanadium in contemporary industry

The present work explores the reactivities of gaseous vanadium, vanadium-oxide, and oxovanadium-hydroxide clusters toward methanol and small hydrocarbons. Various means of mass-spectrometric techniques, isotopic labeling studies, infrared photodissociation spectroscopy, and complementary DFT-calculations are employed for this purpose. Additionally, the hydrogen-atom abstraction process from methane by polynuclear metal oxides is discussed. This work contributes to a better understanding of the metal-oxide cluster's catalytic activity on a molecular scale.

Introduces an innovative and outstanding tool for the easy synthesis of complex chiral structures in a single step Covering all of the literature since the beginning of 2006, this must-have book for chemists collects the major progress in the field of enantioselective one-, two-, and multicomponent domino reactions promoted by chiral metal catalysts. It clearly illustrates how enantioselective metal-catalyzed processes constitute outstanding tools for the development of a wide variety of fascinating one-pot asymmetric domino reactions, thereby allowing many complex products to be easily generated from simple materials in one step. The book also strictly follows the definition of domino reactions by Tietze as single-, two-, as well as multicomponent transformations. Asymmetric Metal Catalysis in Enantioselective Domino Reactions is divided into twelve chapters, dealing with enantioselective copper-, palladium-, rhodium-, scandium-, silver-, nickel-, gold-, magnesium-, cobalt-, zinc-, yttrium and ytterbium-, and other metal-catalyzed domino reactions. Most of the chapters are divided into two parts dealing successively with one- and two-component domino reactions, and three-component processes. Each part is subdivided according to the nature of domino reactions. Each chapter of the book includes selected applications of synthetic methodologies to prepare natural and biologically active products. -Presents the novel combination of asymmetric metal catalysis with the concept of fascinating domino reactions, which allows high molecular complexity with a remarkable level of enantioselectivity -Showcases an incredible tool synthesizing complex and diverse chiral structures in a single reaction step -Includes applications in total synthesis of natural products and biologically active compounds -Written by a renowned international specialist in the field -Stimulates the design of novel asymmetric domino reactions and their use in the synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials Asymmetric Metal Catalysis in Enantioselective Domino Reactions will be of high interest to synthetic, organic, medicinal, and catalytic chemists in academia and R&D departments.

Vanadium is an essential element for humans and animals. The toxicity of vanadium at higher concentrations could be a global environmental concern and a significant issue for both environmental protection and economic benefits. The relevance of anthropogenic vanadium in the environment has increased significantly in recent years due to an increased demand for vanadium in high-temperature industrial activities. This book summarizes vanadium’s current research and explains its behavior and mobilization in the environment, especially in soils, sediments, water and plants. Through case studies from various countries, it discusses critical limits set and risk assessment approaches and remediation approaches of vanadium-contaminated soils. FEATURES Provides a comprehensive overview of vanadium in the total environment Covers the role of vanadium in various environments such as soils, sediments, water and plants Includes bioavailability studies and further case studies from various countries around the world Focuses on a better understanding of biogeochemical processes of vanadium Is written by international experts who present the current stage of the knowledge including innovative remediation and management approaches of vanadium-contaminated sites This book will be of use to upper-level undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in soil science, environmental science, soil ecology, water science, plant science, ecotoxicology, geology and geography as well as scientists, lecturers, environmental and technical engineers, ecologists, applied ecological scientists and managers.

There is an increasing challenge for chemical industry and research institutions to find cost-efficient and environmentally sound methods of converting natural resources into fuels chemicals and energy. Catalysts are essential to these processes and the Catalysis Specialist Periodical Report series serves to highlight major developments in this area. This series provides systematic and detailed reviews of topics of interest to scientists and engineers in the catalysis field. The coverage includes all major areas of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis and also specific applications of catalysis such as NOx control kinetics and experimental techniques such as microcalorimetry. Each chapter is compiled by recognised experts within their specialist fields and provides a summary of the current literature. This series will be of interest to all those in academia and industry who need an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Catalysis will be of interest to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Structure plays an important role in heterogeneous catalysis. It provides a framework for the arrangement and stragetic placement of key catalytic elements, hosting them in a prescribed manner so that their respective electronic properties can exhibit their desired catalytic functions and mutual interactions. Under reaction conditions these framework structures and their catalytic guests undergo dynamic processes becoming active participants of the overall catalytic process. They are not mere static geometric forms. The dynamics of catalytic structures are particularly vivid in selective oxidation catalysis where the lattice of a given catalytic solid partakes as a whole, not only its surface, in the redox processes of the reaction. The catalyst becomes actually a participating reagent. By proper choice of key catalytic elements and their host structures, preferred catalytic pathways can be selected over less desired ones. However, not only in selective redox catalysis does structure play an important role, its importance is also well documented, among others, in shape selective zeolite catalysis, enantioselective hydrogenation and hydrodesulfurization. The contributions presented in this book address the dynamic character of the solid state under catalytic reaction conditions. By relating structure to activity and selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis our understanding of such correlations has been significantly enhanced through the use of sophisticated spectroscopic means, surface science and modeling.

Table of contents

(Selected) -- Plenary Lecures: New Catalysts for Controlled/Living Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP; Catalysis and Applications of Gold Nanoparticles -- Oral Presentations: Ionic Liquids as New Solvents and Catalysis for Petrochemical and Refining Processes; High Throughput Experiment on the Investigation of Oxidation Catalysts with Gas Sensor System -- Poster Presentations: Development of a Low-Temperature Dioxin Decomposition Catalyst; Studies on Unique Properties of Polyolefins Prepared with Metallocene Catalyst Systems -- Index.

Catalysis plays a vital role in chemical, petroleum, agriculture, polymer, electronics, pharmaceutical, and other industries. Over 90 percent of chemicals originate from catalytic processes. Toughening economic and environmental constraints have proven to be a challenge for meeting the demand of novel efficient and sustainable regio- and stereosele