Transport And Spatial Policies

Provides a unique review of the major spatial aspects of transport systems, a detailed analysis of transport problems in urban and rural areas, an evaluation of social and environmental impacts, and a planning and policy overview. Divided into four parts, each considering a different aspect of transport geography. The first part outlines the basic geography of transport and examines transport and spatial structures, focusing upon the varying contributions made by transport to industrial, agricultural and urban development. Part two moves to consider specific transport systems at both national and international scales, drawing on studies from industrialised and developing nations and discussing the effects upon transport of the political changes in the former USSR and Eastern Europe. The third part examines some of the many problems of transport and urban and rural areas using specific examples to illustrate the contrasting difficulties and evaluate current urban transportation planning methods.

Mobility is fundamental to economic and social activities such as commuting, manufacturing, or supplying energy. Each movement has an origin, a potential set of intermediate locations, a destination, and a nature which is linked with geographical attributes. Transport systems composed of infrastructures, modes and terminals are so embedded in the socio-economic life of individuals, institutions and corporations that they are often invisible to the consumer. This is paradoxical as the perceived invisibility of transportation is derived from its efficiency. Understanding how mobility is linked with geography is main the purpose of this book. The third edition of The Geography of Transport Systems has been revised and updated to provide an overview of the spatial aspects of transportation. This text provides greater discussion of security, energy, green logistics, as well as new and updated case studies, a revised content structure, and new figures. Each chapter covers a specific conceptual dimension including networks, modes, terminals, freight transportation, urban transportation and environmental impacts. A final chapter contains core methodologies linked with transport geography such as accessibility, spatial interactions, graph theory and Geographic Information Systems for transportation (GIS-T). This book provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the field, with a broad overview of its concepts, methods, and areas of application. The accompanying website for this text contains a useful additional material, including digital maps, PowerPoint slides, databases, and links to further reading and websites. The website can be accessed at: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans This text is an essential resource for undergraduates studying transport geography, as well as those interest in economic and urban geography, transport planning and engineering.

This ECMT Round Table contains four papers that show how a disconnect between tranport policy planning and spatial policy planning and measures have curtailed the effectiveness of transport policy.

This publication contains reports from Germany (by A Priebs and A Dittrich-Wesbuer), the USA (by S Handy), Italy (by C. Sessa) and the UK (by D Banister), each giving a perspective on the interaction between transport and spatial policies in their respective countries. The summary to the meeting indicates that the tensions between transport policies and spatial policies concerns the interrelationship between urban form or urban development and transport. a joint objective of transport and spatial policies shoould be to minimise mobility for a given level of accessibility. The advantages of nearness are discussed. The principles of urban transport policy have been translated into taxation and pricing policies on the one hand and regulatory policies on the other, which aim at increasing the density or compactness of cities, coupled with measures to increase technical capacity in order to reduce the environmental costs of private car use. The monocentric and polycentric city are described and the role and nature of subcentres in old and new urban areas is considered. Dispersal of job adds to the complexity of commuting travel. Spatial policies and their impact on transport policy, and vice versa, are discussed. Futher study of policies to reduce urban transport and private car use are likely to increase urban land rents which may induce unintended polycentricity of urban areas and an increase in leisure and commuting travel. The costs of public transport may also increase. Taxation of newly-developed land and subsidy for housing around urban centres could reduce decentralisation. The integration of planning across jurisdictions is also considered important.

The ways in which we travel have a huge impact on sustainability. This book addresses the relationship between travel patterns and the physical form of cities, and considers the role of spatial planning in that relationship. Three sections present empirical research and commentaries from leading academics and practitioners from Europe, the USA, Australia and Japan. The first section considers the impact of urban form in combination with factors such as lifestyles and socio-demographic change on sustainable transport. The second addresses the impact of different elements of urban form, such as density, configuration and mix of uses, on mobility. The final section focuses on issues surrounding the implementation of spatial planning policies to support sustainable travel. The book will be of interest to practitioners, academics and students in the fields of planning, transport and geography.

Transport in the twenty-first century represents a significant challenge at the global and the local scale. Aided by over sixty clear illustrations, Peter Headicar disentangles this complex, modern issue in five parts, offering critical insights into: the nature of transport the evolution of policy and planning policy instruments planning procedures the contemporary agenda. Distinctive features include the links forged throughout between transport and spatial planning, which are often neglected. Designed as an essential text for transport planning students and as a source of reference for planning practitioners, it also furthers understanding of related fields such as urban and regional planning, geography, environmental studies and public policy. Based in the postgraduate course the author developed at Oxford Brookes University, this indispensable text draws on a lifetime of professional experience in the field.

Spatial Implications and Planning Criteria for High-speed Rail Cities and Regions evaluates the varied experiences that HSR systems have brought about to different station-cities and their regional territories around the world, with an eye towards better future planning and policy of such systems. This edited volume draws from examples of high-speed rail operations in different cities in Europe and Asia to depict the various impacts of this major transportation infrastructure. It attempts to distinguish the short- and long-term impacts described in the literature, classifying them into regional and inter-urban effects, urban effects, and wider economic impacts. Planning challenges appear at two major points: 1) during the initial planning stage that includes the route and location of stations; and 2) during the development process that follows. The case studies in the book concentrate on a variety of topics from the impact of high-speed rail on population growth in some station-cities, to the regional economic impacts that an HSR system can bring about to the larger territories it passes through, to the potential of station-cities to better attract firms, or to experience increases in tourism and commerce. They also assess planning strategies and experiences from station-cities to draw lessons for future HSR planning policies. The Chapters in this book were originally published in a special issue of European Planning Studies.

This ECMT Round Table contains four papers that show how a disconnect between tranport policy planning and spatial policy planning and measures have curtailed the effectiveness of transport policy.

In 1983 the Economic Development Institute (EDI) made three important decisions concerning its transport activities. First, it planned to shift the emphasis in these activities from teaching project analysis to helping countries strengthen their capability for policy analysis, formulation, and implementation. Second, the EDI decided to incorporate policy analysis into its transport activities as much as possible. And, third, it would try to develop this new strategy by using microcomputers to simulate policy options and explore their complex interrelationships, as well as the relationship between each policy and its stated goals. Because these objectives encompassed national and local policy along with a wide range of policy alternatives, a comprehensive transport model seemed appropriate. The purpose of this document is to demonstrate how such a model can be used to evaluate policies, to compare it with other kinds of models, and to examine the use of models in the wider context of policy objectives and instruments. It considers the relationship between policy objectives and instruments; places transport models in the context of policymaking; and demonstrates the use of a comprehensive model for testing policy strategies. This manual is intended for the policymaker who has little modeling expertise; it is designed to make the policymaker aware of the possible use of models in decisionmaking.