The Reproduction Of Commercial Species In The Southern Coastal Forests Of British Columbia Classic Reprint

Excerpt from The Reproduction of Commercial Species in the Southern Coastal Forests of British Columbia The young growth hemlock on the unburned logged-over areas occurs in dense groups in the more moist soils and as scattered indi viduals on 'the drier soils, so that the trees as they grow older form a broken crown cover. The more open places may eventually fill up with fir. This is indicated by the presence of scattered fir seedlings about stumps and along the length of fallen trees. Although the exact history of the areas is not definitely known, it is probable that the older age classes of the hemlock, represented in Table II, originated on unburned logged-over areas. It will be seen that the proportion of fir is small, indicating that the conditions for the reproduction of hemlock were very much better than those of the fir. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Flora of Southern British Columbia, and Vancouver Island: With Many References to Alaska, and Northern Species The aim of this book is to give a brief description of the flowering plants, the ferns and their allies found in Southern British Columbia. Introduced plants that show some tendency to become a permanent part of our Flora are included along with the native plants. These constitute, an. General, the ever-increasing species known as weeds, which reach our limits along the railways or in ballast. Interesting examples of such are the red-fruited Dandelion, which is now establishing itself at the Coast, as the Common Dandelion did 30 or 40 years ago; and Hemp Nettle (galeopsis Tetrahit) which appeared in New Westminster recently, shortly after the arrival of a colony of F rench-canadians at the Fraser River Mills. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from A Handbook of Vancouver Island HE greatest of the visible resources of Vancouver Island is its timber. Its forests are among the finest in the world in respect to the size, stand and economic value of the several varieties of trees. Sometimes the assertion is made that they hold the first place, but it is not necessary to employ in respect to them language that might seem to savour of exaggeration. Generally speaking the whole land surface below the snow-line and excepting the relatively small areas which have been cleared for cultivation, is clad with trees of more or less, but always of considerable commercial value. The chief woods are; Douglas Fir, often referred to as Oregon Pine from the fact that it first became known to the timber trade through exports from the State of Oregon. It is the chief of all the woods of the Pacific Coast Of North America. Its habitat extends from Mexico on the south to the northern boundary Of British Columbia on the north, or over a range of square miles. It is unknown east of the Rocky Mountains; Western Red Cedar, Western Hemlock and Silver Spruce. All these are giant timbers. In addition there are various species of Pines, and Balsam Firs, well-adapted and used for commercial purposes, the latter being employed in the manu facture Of pulp. Maples and Alde'rs grow to a considerable size, but though useful for certain purposes do not form as yet a part Of the commercial output of the mills. The damage done by fire to the Island forests has been relatively small owing to the high general average precipitation, and the density Of the foliage which retards evaporation. For this reason and with a well-devised system of conservation and re-forestation, there is no reason why the Vancouver Island forests may not continue forever, to be a source of great wealth, giving employment to thousands of men and furnishing cargoes for an important mercantile marine. It is quite true that the larger trees represent in most cases centuries of growth, and therefore their restoration, once they have been cut down is impossible; but successive crops of timber may be cut on and on indefinitely. When the forest has been removed from arable land, it is doubtless more profit able to the community that the area shonld be prepared for cultivation than that it should be re-forested. But when every allowance has been made for tracts of this character, there remain millions of acres which ought to be maintained as forest reserves and be safeguarded by a wise system of forestry. It is difficult to attempt to make even a rough approximation of the timber now standing on Vancouver Island, but it is perhaps within the mark to say that it is equal to 120, 000, 000, 000 super ficial feet, board measure. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Game Animals, Birds, and Fishes of British Columbia, Canada During all these years millions of dollars' worth of furs have been taken away and yet the stock is not exhausted, while game of all kinds is still here in quantity. Owing to its topography no other part of the Continent is so favoured in this respect. The area of the Province is, roughly speaking, 700 miles long by 400 miles wide, and throughout this enormous territory there is not a square mile that does not contain game of some kind; moreover, there are miles and miles of mountains that will not be settled for years to come, and where there will always be game. There are three principal ranges of mountains - the Coast, the Selkirks, and the Rockies - and they form the watershed of a large number of lakes and rivers, the largest of which are the Columbia, Fraser, Skeena, and Stikine Rivers. The climate varies considerably, the coast being more humid, with little frostnd, except in the north, a very light snowfall; to the east of the Coast range of mountains there is a dry belt, the rain and snow fall being light, the summers hotter, and the winters, while colder, are never severe or of lengthy duration. Farther to the east, where the Selkirks are entered, the snowfall gets heavier and the cold increases during the winter. The climate is healthy everywhere; in fact, British Columbia is one vast health resort, and in the interior the fall months are especially delightful. Apart from its sporting attractions, a few weeks in the invigorating air of our mountains, or on the waters of our coast among the islands, will prove one of the best tonics in the world to the tired and weary business-man or to the invalid in search of health. For mountain-climbers or those interested in botany, geology, etc., there are unlimited resources. There are no poisonous insects or reptiles in the mountains, and any mosquitoes or ies there may be in the valleys do not last long, and are always gone by the hunting season. Good water can always be obtained in the dryest parts, even in the height of summer. Ladies can, and frequently do, go into the wilds, and are absolutely sure of being treated with the greatest respect by the roughest of backwoodsmen or most uncivilized Indian. What is more, they frequently return with a number of fine trophies. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."

Excerpt from British Columbia Timber and Other Forest Products for Export: A World Supply for a World Market British Columbia Mills are of the most modern type in capacity and equipment, and their products are of the best. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.

With sixty descriptive maps and accompanying text, The Biodiversity Atlas of British Columbia provides a broad overview of the province?s range of terrestrial and freshwater biological diversity. Bringing together data from numerous sources summarized in map form, the Atlas provides a window to B.C.?s diverse ecosystems, the species that live in them, and the elements of British Columbia?s biodiversity that make it globally significant. The Atlas also presents a visual perspective of a number of human-induced threats, including climate change, affecting biodiversity in B.C. today. The Atlas is designed to serve as a companion document to Taking Nature?s Pulse: The Status of Biodiversity in British Columbia ? a comprehensive scientific assessment of biodiversity in the province. Both the Atlas and Taking Nature?s Pulse are projects of Biodiversity BC, a partnership of conservation groups and government agencies.

In recent years, conflicts between ecological conservation and economic growth forced a reassessment of the motivations and goals of wildlife and forestry management. Focus shifted from game and commodity management to biodiversity conservation and ecological forestry. Previously separate fields such as forestry, biology, botany, and zoology merged

This book deals with the physical aspects of the sea as exemplified by the Pacific Ocean and the contiguous waters of the British Columbia coast. Although principally devoted to waves, currents and tides, the book spans a broad spectrum of topics ranging from meteorology and marine biology to past and present marine geology. It attempts to elucidate the nature of oceanic motions and to relate them to everyday experience for the general interest of the casual reader and for the practical benefit of the professional mariner, scientist, or engineer.