The Mechanistic Study And Synthetic Use Of Carbohydrate Modifying Enzymes

This book provides an actual overview of the structure, function, and application of carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts. Carbohydrates have been disregarded for a long time by the scientific community, mainly due to their complex structure. Meanwhile, the situation changed with increasing knowledge about the key role carbohydrates play in biological processes such as recognition, signal transduction, immune responses, and others. An outcome of research activities in glycoscience is the development of several new pharmaceuticals against serious diseases such as malaria, cancer, and various storage diseases. Furthermore, the employment of carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts—enzymes as well as microorganisms—will contribute significantly to the development of environmentally friendly processes boosting a shift of the chemical industry from petroleum- to bio-based production of chemicals from renewable resources. The updated content of the second edition of this book has been extended by discussing the current state of the art of using recombinantly expressed carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts and the synthesis of minicellulosomes in connection with consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic material. Furthermore, a synthetic biology approach for using DAHP-dependent aldolases to catalyze asymmetric aldol reactions is presented.

Although advances in biochemistry and biotechnology have sparked significant advances in carbohydrate-active enzyme research, the mechanism of catalytic reaction of carbohydrate-active enzymes is still not fully understood. Based on papers presented at the 2008 Agricultural Biotechnology Symposium held in Seoul, this comprehensive collection summarizes some of the most important research in the field of carbohydrate-active enzymes—focusing on the enzymatic reaction mechanism, structure-function relationship and role in the living organism. The text reviews the important results on new types of carbohydrate-active enzymes and their applications reported on at these meetings. Part one focuses on structure-function relationships of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Part two discuss functions and applications of carbohydrate-active enzymes, such as enzymes for grain processing and glycosidases and their mutants as useful tools for glycoside synthesis. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes: Structure, Function, and Applications is an essential reference for research scientists, post-graduate students and those in the food industry with an interest in enzymes.

Carbohydrates have long been disregarded by the scientific community due to their complex structure and a lack of suitable experimental methods for structure determination. This book provides an overview of the structure, function, and application of carbohydrate-modifying biocatalysts. It explores glycoconjugates and carbohydrate-modifying enzymes

Synthetic Strategies in Carbohydrate Chemistry covers carbohydrate synthesis and its widespread application in various disciplines including catalysis. Basic and advanced aspects of carbohydrates are covered, starting with a brief introduction and then followed by protection-deprotection strategies in carbohydrate chemistry, glycosidic bond formation methodology, and their impact in oligosaccharide synthesis. Recent synthetic approaches for O-glycosides, N-glycosides, thioglycosides and C-glycosides, Intramolecular Aglycon Delivery (IAD), and carbohydrate modification are discussed, as well as stereoelectronic factors that control the chemical and biochemical behavior of carbohydrates in living cells. In addition, diverse applications of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry are covered, including sugar-based chiral catalyst in stereoselective synthesis, sugar-based ionic liquids, one-pot tandem reactions in carbohydrates, total synthesis of glycoconjugated natural products, impact of sugar in drug discovery and development, vaccine development, and glycoengineering. This reference is essential reading for researchers working in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry, and will be useful to those working in total synthesis, novel synthetic methodology, catalysis, polymer science, glycobiology, medicinal chemistry, and process development chemistry. Presents a practical and detailed overview on glycosylation methodology Covers automated glycosylation strategies in glycan synthesis Includes recent progress in the synthesis and significance of diverse thio-glycosides, C-glycosides, imino sugars and carbasugars Highlights the impact of enzymes in glycan synthesis Discusses the recent approaches for the synthesis of neoglycoconjugates

To exploit the full potential of this diverse compound class for the development of novel active substances, this handbook presents the latest knowledge on carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry. While it is unique in covering the entire field, particular emphasis is placed on carbohydrates with pharmaceutical potential. Topics include the following: > Chemical Synthesis of Carbohydrates > Carbohydrate Biosynthesis and Metabolism > Carbohydrate Analysis > Cellular Functions of Carbohydrates > Development of Carbohydrate-based Drugs A premier resource for carbohydrate chemists and drug developers, this comprehensive two-volume work contains contributions by more than 50 of the world's leading carbohydrate chemists.

Not only assessing the past, present, and future uses of enzymes to synthesize carbohydrates, this volume also illustrates the significance of carbohydrate chemistry and describes how the combination and use of modern enzyme chemistry can advance exploration in the field. Details research at the interface of chemistry and biology for carbohydrate chemistry by demonstrating how to integrate chemical reactions and biological techniques that can be used to synthesize complex bioactive monosaccharides, oligosaccarides, and glycoconjugates. Of particular interest are chapters by George Whitesides and Chi-Huey Wong covering the use of enzymes in monosaccharide synthesis, and Hindsgaul, Thiem, Nilsson, and Whitesides describing the use of activated sugar nucleosides and glycosyltransferases in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Since its inception in 1945, this serial has provided critical and informative articles written by research specialists that integrate industrial, analytical, and technological aspects of biochemistry, organic chemistry, and instrumentation methodology in the study of carbohydrates. The articles provide a definitive interpretation of the current status and future trends in carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry. Features contributions from leading authorities and industry experts Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field