The Brain Fuzzy Arithmetic To Quantum Computing

We could start writing this book by saying, with several other authors, that the brain is the most powerful and complex information processing device known, whether naturally developed or created artificially. Although we fully agree with this statement, in doing so we would be misleading the reader, in the sense that the present book basically aims to formalize the knowledge concerning brain physiology accumulated over the past few decades. Instead of merely describing the complexity of the cerebral str- ture or presenting a collection of commentaries and reviews of interesting experimental results, we take into account novel achievements in quantum information and quantum computation, and avail ourselves of recently - veloped mathematical tools. Neuroscience was bom in the 19'~ century with the works of Paul Brocca. However, this fledgling field experienced a boom only in recent times, following the development of powerful non-invasive techniques for probing the neural circuitry supporting the complex cognitive functions of the human brain. Although sophisticated mathematical models and phy- cal theories are the basic tools behind the conceptual foundations and a- lytical implementation of these modem techniques, to the best of our knowledge no effort was made to formalize the actual knowledge about brain function into a coherent theoretical framework incorporating the - cent developments in mathematical and physical science. Addressing this lack was our first motivation in writing this book.

Game theory has already proved its tremendous potential for con?ict resolution problems in the ?elds of Decision Theory and Economics. In the recent past, there have been attempts to extend the results of crisp game theory to those con?ict resolution problems which are fuzzy in nature e.g. Nishizaki and Sakawa [61] and references cited there in. These developments have lead to the emergence of a new area in the literature called fuzzy games. Another area in the fuzzy decision theory, which has been growing very fast is the area of fuzzy mathematical programming and its applications to various branches of sciences, Engineering and Management. In the crisp scenario, there exists a beautiful relationship between two person zero sum matrix game theory and duality in linear p- gramming. It is therefore natural to ask if something similar holds in the fuzzy scenario as well. This discussion essentially constitutes the core of our presentation. The objective of this book is to present a systematic and focussed study of the application of fuzzy sets to two very basic areas of decision theory, namely Mathematical Programming and Matrix Game Theory.

This book is a tribute to Lotfi A. Zadeh, the father of fuzzy logic, on the occasion of his 90th Birthday. The book gathers original scientific contributions written by top scientists and presenting the latest theories, applications and new trends in the fascinating and challenging field of soft computing.

The essence of brain function consists in how information is processed, transferred and stored. Current neurophysiological doctrine remains focused within a spike timing paradigm, but this has a limited capacity for advancing the understanding of how the brain works. This book puts forward a new model; the neuroelectrodynamic model (NED), which describes the intrinsic computational processes by the dynamics and interaction of charges. It uses established laws of physics, such as those of classical mechanics, thermodynamics and quantum physics, as the guiding principle to develop a general theoretical construct of the brain s computational model, which incorporates the neurobiology of the cells and the molecular machinery itself, along with the electrical activity in neurons, to explain experimental results and predict the organization of the system. After addressing the deficiencies of current approaches, the laws and principles required to build a new model are discussed. In addition, as well as describing experiments which provide the required link between computation and semantics, the book highlights important concepts relating the theory of information with computation and the electrical properties of neurons. The NED model is explained and expounded and several examples of its application are shown. Of interest to all those involved in the fields of neuroscience, neurophysiology, computer science and the development of artificial intelligence, NED is a step forward in understanding the mind in computational terms. IOS Press is an international science, technical and medical publisher of high-quality books for academics, scientists, and professionals in all fields. Some of the areas we publish in: -Biomedicine -Oncology -Artificial intelligence -Databases and information systems -Maritime engineering -Nanotechnology -Geoengineering -All aspects of physics -E-governance -E-commerce -The knowledge economy -Urban studies -Arms control -Understanding and responding to terrorism -Medical informatics -Computer Sciences

The latest update on this popular textbook The importance of concepts and methods based on fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory has been rapidly growing since the early 1990s and all the indications are that this trend will continue in the foreseeable future. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications, Fourth Edition is a new edition of the popular textbook with 15% of new and updated material. Updates have been made to most of the chapters and each chapter now includes new end-of-chapter problems. Key features: New edition of the popular textbook with 15% of new and updated material. Includes new examples and end-of-chapter problems. Has been made more concise with the removal of out of date material. Covers applications of fuzzy logic to engineering and science. Accompanied by a website hosting a solutions manual and software. The book is essential reading for graduates and senior undergraduate students in civil, chemical, mechanical and electrical engineering as wells as researchers and practitioners working with fuzzy logic in industry.

In today’s increasingly complex and uncertain business environment, financial analysis is yet more critical to business managers who tackle problems of an economic or business nature. Knowledge based on formal logic and even experience becomes less sufficient. This volume systematically sets out the basic elements on which to base financial analysis for business in the new century. It incorporates a previous work that can serve as the basis and foundation for the new contributions that are now being made in the field of financial economy and intend to provide business with instruments and models suitable for dealing with the new economic context. In dealing with rapid and unpredictable changes in technological and business conditions, it postulates a growing reliance on the opinions of experts instead of past data or probabilistic forecasts, which is a radical change but may yield fruitful results. For this reason, much emphasis is devoted to the problem of aggregation of the opinion of experts in the financial field, with the object of limiting, wherever possible, the subjective component of the opinions and making sure that the decisions have the best guarantee of reaching the desired objectives.

Simulating Fuzzy Systems demonstrates how many systems naturally become fuzzy systems and shows how regular (crisp) simulation can be used to estimate the alpha-cuts of the fuzzy numbers used to analyze the behavior of the fuzzy system. This monograph presents a concise introduction to fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, fuzzy estimation, fuzzy probabilities, fuzzy systems theory, and fuzzy computation. It also presents a wide selection of simulation applications ranging from emergency rooms to machine shops to project scheduling, showing the varieties of fuzzy systems.

Fuzzy Logic in Action: Applications in Epidemiology and Beyond, co-authored by Eduardo Massad, Neli Ortega, Laécio Barros, and Cláudio Struchiner is a remarkable achievement. The book brings a major paradigm shift to medical sciences exploring the use of fuzzy sets in epidemiology and medical diagnosis arena. The volume addresses the most significant topics in the broad areas of epidemiology, mathematical modeling and uncertainty, embodying them within the framework of fuzzy set and dynamic systems theory. Written by leading contributors to the area of epidemiology, medical informatics and mathematics, the book combines a very lucid and authoritative exposition of the fundamentals of fuzzy sets with an insightful use of the fundamentals in the area of epidemiology and diagnosis. The content is clearly illustrated by numerous illustrative examples and several real world applications. Based on their profound knowledge of epidemiology and mathematical modeling, and on their keen understanding of the role played by uncertainty and fuzzy sets, the authors provide insights into the connections between biological phenomena and dynamic systems as a mean to predict, diagnose, and prescribe actions. An example is the use of Bellman-Zadeh fuzzy decision making approach to develop a vaccination strategy to manage measles epidemics in São Paulo. The book offers a comprehensive, systematic, fully updated and self- contained treatise of fuzzy sets in epidemiology and diagnosis. Its content covers material of vital interest to students, researchers and practitioners and is suitable both as a textbook and as a reference. The authors present new results of their own in most of the chapters. In doing so, they reflect the trend to view fuzzy sets, probability theory and statistics as an association of complementary and synergetic modeling methodologies.

This monograph describes new methods for intelligent pattern recognition using soft computing techniques including neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms. Hybrid intelligent systems that combine several soft computing techniques are needed due to the complexity of pattern recognition problems. Hybrid intelligent systems can have different architectures, which have an impact on the efficiency and accuracy of pattern recognition systems, to achieve the ultimate goal of pattern recognition. This book also shows results of the application of hybrid intelligent systems to real-world problems of face, fingerprint, and voice recognition. This monograph is intended to be a major reference for scientists and engineers applying new computational and mathematical tools to intelligent pattern recognition and can be also used as a textbook for graduate courses in soft computing, intelligent pattern recognition, computer vision, or applied artificial intelligence.

This book was developed to help students and researchers in the fields of economics, finance, law and other social science areas to understand and apply neuroscience. With the use of neuroscience technologies, it is now possible to understand how people make decisions in practice, using friendly and ecological experimental setups. The first half of the book studies the decision-making process and explains how the brain is organized. It presents the brain as a distributed processing system, shows how to record brain activities, and how to combine neurosciences and statistical tools to design experiments. In the last chapters, experiments on stock market decision, dilemma judgment, vote decision and understanding of media propaganda are described and discussed.