Should Developing Countries Participate In The Clean Development Mechanism Under The Kyoto Protocol

Under the Kyoto Protocol, industrialized countries committed to emission reductions may fulfill part of their obligations by implementing emission reduction projects in developing countries. In doing so, they make use of the so-called Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Two important issues surround the implementation of the CDM. First, if the cheapest abatement measures are implemented for CDM projects, developing countries may be left with only more expensive measures when they have to meet their own commitments in the future (the so-called low-hanging fruits issue). Second, a choice must be made on the type of baseline against which emission reductions are measured: an absolute baseline or a relative (to output) one (the baseline issue). The purpose of this paper is to study the interactions between these two issues from the point of view of the developing country. Two major results are obtained. First, when possible future commitments for developing countries and irreversibility of abatement measures are taken into account, we show that the industry where CDM projects are implemented enjoys larger profits under an absolute baseline than under a relative one. Second, concerning the low-hanging fruits problem, the financial compensation required by the developing country for implementing too many CDM projects is larger under the relative baseline.

Following the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, countries took up the difficult task of finding a common approach that would slow down the build-up of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere and delay changes to the planet's climate. A widespread concern among many of the participants in the newly formed United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was that the emission reductions needed to significantly affect climate change would cost so much that it could jeopardize the chances of a coordinated international solution. To address this concern, several flexible mechanisms were designed, including the CDM.While many applaud the CDM, others are concerned with its performance and achievements, and whether or not it will be continued beyond 2012. Critics argue, among other things, that it has not delivered on the sustainable development objective for which it was established and that projects are unevenly distributed, both geographically and sectorally.Much analysis is available on CDM, but very little comprehensive analysis, addressing various aspects of CDM is available. With a major decision for its continuation, a multi-dimensional analysis would be needed. This book is about the economic assessment of certain (not certain) CDM performances, and its future sustainability and trajectory.

This publication provides insights on deliberations regarding the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) transition and implications for Asia and the Pacific. With the Article 6 Rulebook expected to be finalized at the 26th Conference of Parties in Glasgow, the Asian Development Bank hopes this publication can increase knowledge and understanding of the CDM transition along with its relevance to economies in the region. It is also intended to help stakeholders from Asia and the Pacific become better prepared to contribute to the finalization of the Article 6 Rulebook and move toward operationalizing Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

Global warming and climate change pose a dire threat to life. The Kyoto Protocol is the UN treaty committing signatories to dealing with climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This is a non-technical account of what inspired people to transform the dry language of this international climate change treaty into measurable improvements in people's lives in four countries (Brazil, Bangladesh, Indonesia and South Africa). These stories come to life through a kaleidoscope of photographs and children's artworks.

Recommendations and discussion on the reform of the CDM invoke debate on the future of this policy in developing countries, which is vital material for both policymakers and international institutions introducing similar instruments. Students and resea

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is widely regarded as one of the Kyoto Protocol’s best creations and as an essential part of the international climate change regime. The CDM has been constantly evolving to ensure that it fulfils its objectives of mitigating climate change and contributing to sustainable development in developing countries. The over 6,000 registered projects under the CDM are estimated to have generated almost US$200 billion of investment in developing countries and are expected to achieve GHG emission reductions of about 6.8 billion tonnes. Nevertheless, the CDM is not perfect, and one of its main problems is the inequitable geographic distribution of projects among developing countries. Understandably, this is a problem that countries are very keen to address, and since 2001, even before the first project was registered, countries have been highlighting the need to ensure that projects are equitably distributed among participating countries. This book looks at distributive justice under the CDM regime and focuses on the issue of equity in the geographic distribution of CDM projects among developing countries. The book investigates relevant aspects of international law to identify the legal characteristics of equitable distribution or distributive justice, in order to establish what equitable distribution in the CDM should look like. Based on these investigations, Tomilola Akanle Eni-Ibukun breaks new ground in defining equitable distribution under the CDM and exploring how key obstructions to the equitable distribution of projects may be overcome. The book will be of particular interest to academics and policymakers of climate change and the CDM within international law.

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the three 'flexibility' measures set out in the Kyoto Protocol designed to help promote collective sustainable development and to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), in order to address the challenges of climate change and global warming. The CDM is a mechanism for promoting technology transfer and investment from developed countries to developing countries for projects to reduce GHG emissions in return for 'certified emission reductions' (CERs) which can be credited against national emission reduction targets. This publication examines CDM implementation in the Asia and Pacific region, particularly in metropolitan cities.

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was established under the Kyoto Protocol to help countries achieve sustainable development and meet their reduction commitments for emissions of greenhouse gases. The CDM allows developed countries to acquire certified emissions reductions (CERs) by undertaking greenhouse gas mitigating projects in developing countries. This report looks at the technical, financial and institutional aspects of the CDM. It discusses the structure of the CDM's investment function, the various sources of financing available for CDM projects and issues relating to its institutional structure and governance. It finds that the effect of CDM investments could be substantial, if used effectively and with an integrated approach to the other Protocol mechanisms.

This report on the technical, financial and institutional aspects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in relation to the Kyoto Protocol is based on the work and deliberations of the Ad Hoc Working Group commissioned by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.--Publisher's description.