Optimizing The Detection Of Uvc Induced Dna Photodamage On Microarray Slides With Fluorescently Labeled Hairpin Probes

Agarose-coated glass slides were used as a platform for microarray analysis applied to plant pathogen identification. The agarose substrate combines the desirable features of fluorescence detection and high DNA immobilization capacity, in contrast to nylon membranes, which are unsuitable for fluorescent detection, and standard glass microarray slides, which have a low capacity for immobilization. Oligonucleotide probes were immobilized on the agarose substrate, then hybridized to fluorescently labeled sample DNA. Agarose concentration and hybridizing DNA length affected hybridization efficiency. Probes arrayed on the agarose distinguished Didymella bryoniae and Botrytis cinerea from each other with no cross reaction. No interference from other common greenhouse plant pathogens was found. Results compared favorably with those obtained on nylon membranes, and surpassed those achieved on the commercially available glass substrate. Agarose-coated slides are easily produced, and with the use of a manual arrayer, are an inexpensive alternative to commercial microarrays for small scale applications.

Scientists and engineers have long relied on the power of imaging techniques to help see objects invisible to the naked eye, and thus, to advance scientific knowledge. These experts are constantly pushing the limits of technology in pursuit of chemical imagingâ€"the ability to visualize molecular structures and chemical composition in time and space as actual events unfoldâ€"from the smallest dimension of a biological system to the widest expanse of a distant galaxy. Chemical imaging has a variety of applications for almost every facet of our daily lives, ranging from medical diagnosis and treatment to the study and design of material properties in new products. In addition to highlighting advances in chemical imaging that could have the greatest impact on critical problems in science and technology, Visualizing Chemistry reviews the current state of chemical imaging technology, identifies promising future developments and their applications, and suggests a research and educational agenda to enable breakthrough improvements.

This handbook describes experimental techniques to monitor and manipulate individual biomolecules, including fluorescence detection, atomic force microscopy, and optical and magnetic trapping. It includes single-molecule studies of physical properties of biomolecules such as folding, polymer physics of protein and DNA, enzymology and biochemistry, single molecules in the membrane, and single-molecule techniques in living cells.

Fluorescence methods are being used increasingly in biochemical, medical, and chemical research. This is because of the inherent sensitivity of this technique. and the favorable time scale of the phenomenon of fluorescence. 8 Fluorescence emission occurs about 10- sec (10 nsec) after light absorp tion. During this period of time a wide range of molecular processes can occur, and these can effect the spectral characteristics of the fluorescent compound. This combination of sensitivity and a favorable time scale allows fluorescence methods to be generally useful for studies of proteins and membranes and their interactions with other macromolecules. This book describes the fundamental aspects of fluorescence. and the biochemical applications of this methodology. Each chapter starts with the -theoreticalbasis of each phenomenon of fluorescence, followed by examples which illustrate the use of the phenomenon in the study of biochemical problems. The book contains numerous figures. It is felt that such graphical presentations contribute to pleasurable reading and increased understand ing. Separate chapters are devoted to fluorescence polarization, lifetimes, quenching, energy transfer, solvent effects, and excited state reactions. To enhance the usefulness of this work as a textbook, problems are included which illustrate the concepts described in each chapter. Furthermore, a separate chapter is devoted to the instrumentation used in fluorescence spectroscopy. This chapter will be especially valuable for those perform ing or contemplating fluorescence measurements. Such measurements are easily compromised by failure to consider a number of simple principles.

A comprehensive guide to the theory, practice and applications of optical tweezers, combining state-of-the-art research with a strong pedagogic approach.

Paras Prasad’s text provides a basic knowledge of a broad range of topics so that individuals in all disciplines can rapidly acquire the minimal necessary background for research and development in biophotonics. Introduction to Biophotonics serves as both a textbook for education and training as well as a reference book that aids research and development of those areas integrating light, photonics, and biological systems. Each chapter contains a topic introduction, a review of key data, and description of future directions for technical innovation. Introduction to Biophotonics covers the basic principles of Optics Optical spectroscopy Microscopy Each section also includes illustrated examples and review questions to test and advance the reader’s knowledge. Sections on biosensors and chemosensors, important tools for combating biological and chemical terrorism, will be of particular interest to professionals in toxicology and other environmental disciplines. Introduction to Biophotonics proves a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in engineering, chemistry, and the life sciences.

The second edition of this well-received book provides detailed information on the basic and advanced laboratory techniques in histopathology and cytology. It offers clear guidance on the principles and techniques of routine and special laboratory techniques. It also covers advanced laboratory techniques such as immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, liquid-based cytology, polymerase chain reactions, tissue microarray, molecular technology, etc. The book's second edition covers several important recent topics with many new chapters, such as liquid biopsy, artificial neural network, digital pathology, and next-generation sequencing. Each chapter elucidates basic principle, practical methods, troubleshooting, and clinical applications of the technique. It includes multiple colored line drawings, microphotographs, and tables to illustrate each technique. The book is a helpful guide to the post-graduate students and fellows in pathology, practicing pathologists, as well as laboratory technicians, and research students.

This book is the most up-to-date publication on photodiagnostic and phototherapeutic methods used in dermatology. Edited by international experts in the field, it offers comprehensive information on every aspect of Photodiagnostics and Phototherapy. The book focuses on the clinical aspects: detailed descriptions of photo- and photochemotherapy for the treatment of selected diseases as well as standardized test protocols for photodermatoses and for the diagnosis of skin tumors are presented. The clinically oriented chapters are supplemented by practical guidelines for phototherapy and information about basic principles of photobiology.

Nanotechnology in Diagnosis, Treatment and Prophylaxis of Infectious Diseases delivers comprehensive coverage of the application of nanotechnology to pressing problems in infectious disease. This text equips readers with cutting-edge knowledge of promising developments and future prospects in nanotechnology, paying special attention to microbes that are now resistant to conventional antibiotics, a concerning problem in modern medicine. Readers will find a thorough discussion of this new approach to infectious disease treatment, including the reasons nanotechnology presents a promising avenue for the diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Provides a comprehensive overview of the use of nanotechnology in the treatment and diagnosis of infectious diseases Covers all common types of infective agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, along with their vectors, ticks, mosquitoes, flies, etc. Delivers commentary from an international researcher base, providing insights across differing economic statuses Includes a foundation of basic nanotechnological concepts to aid in designing new strategies to combat several pathogenic diseases and cancer Illustrates the high antimicrobial potential of nanoparticles, ultimately demonstrating how they are a promising alternative class that can be successfully used in fighting a myriad of infections