Nuclear And Particle Physics At Intermediate Energies

The Brentwood Summer Institute on Nuclear and Particle Physics at Intermediate Energies was the second of its kind organised by the TRIUMF group of Universities, the first taking place at Banff in 1970. With the advent of initial beams at the new meson facilities at LAMPF, SIN, NEVIS, CERN S.C. and TRIUMF it was an eminently suitable time for an in-depth study of some of the science which will be possible when these accelerators achieve their design intensities in proton and meson beams. The organizing committee, comprising: Univ. of Alberta G.A. Beer Univ. of Victoria J.M. Cameron J.M. McMillan U.B.C. D.F. Measday U.B.C. R.M. Pearce Univ. of Victoria J.E.D. Pearson U.B.C. J.B. Warren U.B.C. wishes to acknowledge the financial support provided by the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the National Research Council of Canada, and Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., without which the Institute could not have been held. Also we wish to acknowledge the helpful advice of the Scientific Committee of NATO and of Dr. T. Kester, Secretary of this Committee. Many persons from the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia helped with the local arrangements and we are grateful to them and particularly to the staff of Brentwood College who made the stay of the participants such a pleasant one.

The Brentwood Summer Institute on Nuclear and Particle Physics at Intermediate Energies was the second of its kind organised by the TRIUMF group of Universities, the first taking place at Banff in 1970. With the advent of initial beams at the new meson facilities at LAMPF, SIN, NEVIS, CERN S.C. and TRIUMF it was an eminently suitable time for an in-depth study of some of the science which will be possible when these accelerators achieve their design intensities in proton and meson beams. The organizing committee, comprising: Univ. of Alberta G.A. Beer Univ. of Victoria J.M. Cameron J.M. McMillan U.B.C. D.F. Measday U.B.C. R.M. Pearce Univ. of Victoria J.E.D. Pearson U.B.C. J.B. Warren U.B.C. wishes to acknowledge the financial support provided by the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, the National Research Council of Canada, and Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., without which the Institute could not have been held. Also we wish to acknowledge the helpful advice of the Scientific Committee of NATO and of Dr. T. Kester, Secretary of this Committee. Many persons from the University of Victoria and the University of British Columbia helped with the local arrangements and we are grateful to them and particularly to the staff of Brentwood College who made the stay of the participants such a pleasant one.

Intermediate-Energy Nuclear Physics is devoted to discussing the interaction between hadrons with nuclei, which leads to the emission of particles during an intranuclear cascade and subsequent decay of a highly excited residual nucleus. Experimental data and the methods and results of the calculation of probabilities of various processes initiated by intermediate-energy hadrons in nuclei are set forth and discussed. The potential for obtaining information on the structure and properties of nuclei by comparing experimental data with theoretical results is analyzed. New issues, such as analytic methods for the solution of kinetic equations describing the cascade, nuclear absorption of hadrons from bound states of hadronic atoms, interaction of antinucleons with nuclei, multifragmentation of highly excited residual nuclei, and polarization phenomena, are discussed in detail. The book also demonstrates hadron-nucleus interactions that bridge the gap between low-energy and heavy ions physics. It is an interesting reference for nuclear physicists and other researchers interested in the analysis of problems associated with the evolution of the early (hot) universe, neutron stars and supernovas, after-burning of radioactive waste in nuclear energy installations, and electronuclear energy breeding.

A treatment of the experimental techniques and instrumentation most often used in nuclear and particle physics experiments as well as in various other experiments, providing useful results and formulae, technical know-how and informative details. This second edition has been revised, while sections on Cherenkov radiation and radiation protection have been updated and extended.

The precise knowledge of production cross sections for specific radionuclides for medium energies (10 MeV to 100 GeV) of the incident particle gains ever more importance, not only for nuclear physics but also for many applications, e.g. astrophysics, radiation protection at accelerators but also on space flights, radioisotope techniques in medicine and for industrial applications and perhaps even for the removal of nuclear waste by accelerators. Since the last systematic review of these production cross sections in 1973 (LB I/5a, b, c) an impressive amount of new experimental data has been accumulated. In the present subvolume data for the production of radioisotopes by medium energetic deuterons, tritons and 3He-nuclei on various targets are presented in tables and figures, the latter showing the general trend of the cross sections and can be more readily used for interpolations. The origin of the authors made it possible to include data from the former USSR and other East European states which sometimes are not easy to access. The tables and figures have been compiled with extraordinary care and should present the most complete compilation for this type of nuclear reactions.

One of the main goals of intermediate energy nuclear physics, which serves an important role as a bridge between nuclear and particle physics, is to construct the theory of strong interaction phenomena in terms of conventional degrees of freedom (nucleons, deltas and mesons) as well as of quark degrees of freedom.The main topics to be discussed at this conference are the interaction of pions and other mesons with nuclei at intermediate energies and the role of mesonic degrees of freedom in nuclear reactions, including photon, hadron and heavy ion induced reactions. Both theoretical and experimental results will be included.Over the past two decades, the Meson Factories, including LAMPF, TRIUMF, and PSI, have provided us with systematic experimental information on hadron-hadron and hadron-nucleus dynamics. Major accelerators of JINR are also suitable for studying problems in Intermediate Energy Nuclear Physics. At the present time, first experiments have been performed with the proton beams at the Moscow Meson Factory of INR. One of the purposes of this conference is to introduce the intermediate-energy physics community to the possibility of utilizing the facilities of JINR and INR during the next decade.

Updated and expanded edition of this well-known Physics textbook provides an excellent Undergraduate introduction to the field This new edition of Nuclear and Particle Physics continues the standards established by its predecessors, offering a comprehensive and highly readable overview of both the theoretical and experimental areas of these fields. The updated and expanded text covers a very wide range of topics in particle and nuclear physics, with an emphasis on the phenomenological approach to understanding experimental data. It is one of the few publications currently available that gives equal treatment to both fields, while remaining accessible to undergraduates. Early chapters cover basic concepts of nuclear and particle physics, before describing their respective phenomenologies and experimental methods. Later chapters interpret data through models and theories, such as the standard model of particle physics, and the liquid drop and shell models of nuclear physics, and also discuss many applications of both fields. The concluding two chapters deal with practical applications and outstanding issues, including extensions to the standard model, implications for particle astrophysics, improvements in medical imaging, and prospects for power production. There are a number of useful appendices. Other notable features include: New or expanded coverage of developments in relevant fields, such as the discovery of the Higgs boson, recent results in neutrino physics, research to test theories beyond the standard model (such as supersymmetry), and important technical advances, such as Penning traps used for high-precision measurements of nuclear masses. Practice problems at the end of chapters (excluding the last chapter) with solutions to selected problems provided in an appendix, as well as an extensive list of references for further reading. Companion website with solutions (odd-numbered problems for students, all problems for instructors), PowerPoint lecture slides, and other resources. As with previous editions, the balanced coverage and additional resources provided, makes Nuclear and Particle Physics an excellent foundation for advanced undergraduate courses, or a valuable general reference text for early graduate studies.

This book focuses on the latest theoretical and experimental results and future perspectives regarding electromagnetic and hadronic physics at intermediate energies. Nucleon form factors and spin structure functions, deep-inelastic scattering, excited baryons and mesons, and correlations in nuclei are discussed. Many new results and the scientific programmes of the different laboratories in Europe and North America are also presented. A special section is devoted to relativistic approaches to hadrons and nuclei at intermediate energies.