Mystery Of The Missing Antimatter

In the first fractions of a second after the Big Bang lingers a question at the heart of our very existence: why does the universe contain matter but almost no antimatter? The laws of physics tell us that equal amounts of matter and antimatter were produced in the early universe—but then something odd happened. Matter won out over antimatter; had it not, the universe today would be dark and barren. But how and when did this occur? In The Mystery of the Missing Antimatter, Helen Quinn and Yossi Nir guide readers into the very heart of this mystery—and along the way offer an exhilarating grand tour of cutting-edge physics.

The Lorentz invariant Dirac equation upon which our deepest understanding of the most fundamental Quantum Mechanics is based,Äîexhibits perfect discrete symmetries of Charge Conjugation C, Parity P and Time T reversal. Not only does the Dirac equation obey these three symmetries CPT, but also all the possible combinations of these symmetries, i.e., CT, CP, PT and CPT. When it comes to the C-symmetry, what this means is that,Äîcontrary to physical and natural reality,Äîthe Universe must contain equal portions of matter and antimatter. Obviously,Äîthis state of affairs that the Dirac equation leads to predictions that are contrary of observations,Äîthis,Äîis based on the notion that the Dirac equation in its bare form as handed to us by Dirac is a correct description of reality on this front. In this chapter, we present a fundamental theoretical argument to the effect that: a symmetry violating curved spacetime version of the Dirac equation may be a perdurable solution to this long standing conundrum.

As we know that when the Universe was starting, Matter and Anti-Matter were made in equal quantity, then in today's time we get to see only Matter all around us, where did that Anti-Matter go. This question remains a mystery till date. So in this book, I have first collected the definitions of Antimatter from various mediums and have written them first and after that I have presented the answer to what was called Anti Matter on the basis of my research, which is the last topic of this book.

'Overall, the text is very well written in a style that is precise yet easy to understand and interesting to follow … It does not refer to scientific or other publications or suggest further reading, but is completely self-contained. This makes it highly accessible for non-experts. It is intended for ‘serious readers with some general background knowledge in physics, although no specialist knowledge is required’. And it can indeed be recommended to any reader with a scientific interest in the subject, and also as a good recreational read for experts. This is even more true due to the excellent quality of the paper and the print, and the nice format and overall making of the book.'Contemporary PhysicsEach elementary particle contained within every known substance has an almost identical twin called its antiparticle. Existing data clearly indicate that equal numbers of particles and antiparticles were initially created soon after the birth of the universe. Despite this, all objects around us, as well as all the stars in all the known galaxies, are made of particles, while antiparticles have almost completely vanished. The reasons behind this disappearance are not yet fully known. Uncovering them will allow us to not only penetrate much deeper into the structure of matter, but also to understand the secret mechanisms that determine the genesis and development of our immense universe. That is why explaining the mystery of the missing antimatter is currently considered to be one of the main tasks of particle physics.This book tells the story of all the achievements in solving the problem of the missing antiparticles including the latest developments in the field. It is written by Prof. Guennadi Borissov, an international expert in this subject. It is intended for serious readers with some general background knowledge in physics, although no specialist knowledge is required. All phenomena observed in the microworld of particles are explained in simple terms using well-known examples from ordinary life. Starting with a description and discussion of the main properties of particles and antiparticles, the book details the important stages in the research that has brought scientists closer to solving one of the greatest enigmas of nature.

Einstein's equation E = mc2 is often said to mean that energy can be converted into matter. More accurately, energy can be converted to matter and antimatter. During the first moments of the Big Bang, the universe was smaller, hotter and energy was everywhere. As the universe expanded and cooled, the energy converted into matter and antimatter. According to our best understanding, these two substances should have been created in equal quantities. However when we look out into the cosmos we see only matter and no antimatter. The absence of antimatter is one of the Big Mysteries of modern physics. In this video, Fermilab's Dr. Don Lincoln explains the problem, although doesn't answer it. The answer, as in all Big Mysteries, is still unknown and one of the leading research topics of contemporary science.

Antimatter explores a strange mirror world, where particles have identical yet opposite properties to those that make up the familiar matter we encounter everyday; where left becomes right, positive becomes negative; and where, should matter and antimatter meet, the two annihilate in a blinding flash of energy that makes even thermonuclear explosions look feeble by comparison. It is an idea long beloved of science-fiction stories—but here, renowned science writer Frank Close shows that the reality of antimatter is even more fascinating than the fiction itself. We know that once, antimatter and matter existed in perfect counterbalance, and that antimatter then perpetrated a vanishing act on a cosmic scale that remains one of the greatest mysteries of the universe. Today, antimatter does not exist normally, at least on Earth, but we know that it is real for scientists are now able to make small pieces of it in particle accelerators, such as that at CERN in Geneva. Looking at the remarkable prediction of antimatter and how it grew from the meeting point of relativity and quantum theory in the early 20th century, at the discovery of the first antiparticles, at cosmic rays, annihilation, antimatter bombs, and antiworlds, Close separates the facts from the fiction about antimatter, and explains how its existence can give us profound clues about the origins and structure of the universe. Oxford Landmark Science books are 'must-read' classics of modern science writing which have crystallized big ideas, and shaped the way we think.

Science.

‘Quantum Queries’ explores a variety of issues involving some of the puzzles and prospects associated with important topics in physics such as: Constants, antimatter asymmetries, neutrinos, entanglement, Bohr-Einstein debates, quantum mechanics, the Higgs mechanism, Heisenberg uncertainty, superposition principle, the many-worlds perspective, vacuum energy, dimensionality, special relativity, particle physics, scientific methodology, grand unification models, and Supersymmetry. While the foregoing discussions are neither exhaustive nor definitive, nonetheless, the purpose of the critical reflections being alluded to above are directed toward addressing one basic question: To what extent do the foregoing ideas -- considered either singly or collectively -- help to resolve the reality problem with which all human beings are faced?

This book explores a variety of topics in science, ranging from: Evolution and neurobiology, to: Cancer research, SSRIs, the HIV-AIDS issue, as well as various facets of methodology. Whatever your present thoughts might be concerning the foregoing topics, after reading ‘Explorations in Medicine, Evolution and Mind’, you might be willing to entertain the idea of revising certain aspects of your understanding in relation to the aforementioned areas of research.

‘Cosmological Frontiers’ explores a variety of topical themes within the general fields of cosmology and astrophysics such as: Dark matter, dark energy, black holes, theory of gravity, redshift, plasmas, cosmic microwave background radiation, branes, the Big Bang theory, and the Steady State model. More generally, the current volume gives expression to a process of critically reflecting on some of the discoveries of astrophysics and the field of cosmology as a means of seeking the truth about the nature of certain aspects of reality.