Irans Earthen Architectural Heritage As Reflected In The Terra Congress Proceedings And Iran Journal

Iran is an important place for architectural and archaeological studies, especially for its wealth of earthen architecture. International scholarly studies in Iran began in the late nineteen and early twentieth centuries. However much of this research was not published until the end of the 1950s. In the 1960s, many scholarly conferences and publications on the conservation of earthen architecture began. Two major events occurred regarding Iran's architectural heritage. The first was the founding of an international academic journal, Iran Journal, in 1963 by the British Institute of Persian Studies. The other was the formation of the first international congress on the conservation of earthen heritage, Terra, held in 1972, in Yazd, Iran.In this research with a comprehensive review of the history of the scholarship and heritage conservation in Iran, I did a systematic literature review on the presentation of Iran's earthen architectural heritage in Terra congress proceedings and Iran Journal. The review of 165 published articles regarding Iran's earthen heritage, showed three historical periods in this country's international scholarship since the late 19th century. It also confirmed that majority of the published works come from archaeological and architectural studies, rather than conservation projects. According to this review, Iran challenges with the lack of international collaborative projects in earthen heritage conservation. The comparison studies between two publications showed a big gap in multidisciplinary collaborations between archaeologists, architects, and conservationists. I hope that this research with introducing the gaps in Iran's earthen heritage research areas can create opportunities for planned scholarly studies.

This book represents a reflection on the policies of preservation that were established and interventions for restoration that occurred in Iran before and in the years after the Khomeinist Revolution, as well as being an analysis of the impact that Italian restoration culture has had in the country. Research concerning the state of conservation and the ongoing restoration of the Armenian churches in the Khoy and Salmas areas is included, along with precise documentation of the observation of the two cities, their architecture and the context of their landscape. The problems of architectural restoration in present-day Iran and the compatible use of buildings no longer intended for worship are addressed. The book is bolstered by first-hand documentation obtained through inspections and interviews with Iranian specialists during three missions carried out between 2016 and 2018 and a large anthology of period texts that have only recently been made available for the first time for study in electronic form, including travel reports written by Westerners describing Persia between the 15th and 19th centuries.

What is the relationship between development as a globalizing project and the production of cultural specificities in developmental contexts? Utilising an architectural lens, this book illustrates how development instigates interest in the past and in the process, creates heritage. It show multiple uses of the past and their contestation in highly fluid social contexts.

During its long history Persian culture has played a fundamental role in, and has made major contributions to, human civilisation. During the last few decades, scholarly interest in Persian culture, including its history, archaeology, art and architecture, has accelerated research into Persian cultural heritage. Scientific studies have provided information about knowledge on which Persian traditional buildings are based and methodologies used for their preservation. This book gives comprehensive information about Persian architectural heritage for scholars, students and practicing engineers in civil, structural, architectural, hydraulic, and restoration engineering, and other related disciplines.

Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.

For millennia, people of all cultures have decorated the surfaces of their domestic, religious, and public buildings. Earthen architecture in particular has been, and continues to be, a common ground for surface decoration such as paintings, sculpted bas-relief, and ornamental plasterwork. This volume explores the complex issues associated with preserving these surfaces. Case studies from Asia, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and the Americas are presented. The publication is the result of a colloquium held in 2004 at Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, co-organized by the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) and the National Park Service (NPS). The meeting brought together fifty-five conservators, cultural resource managers, materials scientists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, anthropologists, and artists from eleven countries. Divided into four themes--Archaeological Sites, Museum Practice, Historic Buildings, and Living Traditions--the papers examine the conservation of decorated surfaces on earthen architecture within these different contexts.

Since precious few architectural drawings and no theoretical treatises on architecture remain from the premodern Islamic world, the Timurid pattern scroll in the collection of the Topkapi Palace Museum Library is an exceedingly rich and valuable source of information. In the course of her in-depth analysis of this scroll dating from the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century, Gülru Necipoğlu throws new light on the conceptualization, recording, and transmission of architectural design in the Islamic world between the tenth and sixteenth centuries. Her text has particularly far-reaching implications for recent discussions on vision, subjectivity, and the semiotics of abstract representation. She also compares the Islamic understanding of geometry with that found in medieval Western art, making this book particularly valuable for all historians and critics of architecture. The scroll, with its 114 individual geometric patterns for wall surfaces and vaulting, is reproduced entirely in color in this elegant, large-format volume. An extensive catalogue includes illustrations showing the underlying geometries (in the form of incised “dead” drawings) from which the individual patterns are generated. An essay by Mohammad al-Asad discusses the geometry of the muqarnas and demonstrates by means of CAD drawings how one of the scroll’s patterns could be used co design a three-dimensional vault.