International Law And International Relations Cheek To Cheek An Il Ir Perspective Perspective On The Urugauay Round Negotiations On Agriculture

Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - Topic: International Organisations, grade: 1.7, University of Tubingen (Institut fuer Politikwissenschaft), course: International Relations (Seminar), language: English, abstract: This essay’s general interest is in whether international trade institutions comply with a sense of justice. Concretely speaking, it is to be analysed whether the outcome of a specific international trade negotiation, namely the Uruguay Round, which lasted from 1983 to 1994, is to be judged as “just” or “unjust”. Fulfilling this task, this essay at first displays a concept to define the very abstract term of justice. The regarded definition will be mainly according to Cecilia Albin. The second part of this essay provides a summary of main features of the Uruguay Round’s final act, the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Although other sections of the agreement are highly interesting, too, these two fields prove to be extraordinarily useful for this paper’s purpose. Nevertheless it is the my intention to point on other issues of interest for instance labour standards or the further development since 1994 in this essay where it seems helpful and possible. The chapter summarizing the Uruguay Round’s outcome is mainly based on World Trade Organisation (WTO) sources, to insure that no subliminal judgement is included or at least none already supporting the view of the later discussed criticism. The third section analyses the Uruguay Round’s outcome concerning agriculture and intellectual property. The criticism is derived from economic authors like Dasgupta and Sander/Inotai and development orientated NGOs like OXFAM as well. In most cases the analysis is critical of the agreement, at the same time avoiding the word “justice”. This gap shall be filled by the author’s assessment of the criticism, judging it, and linking it explicitly to the question of justice. At the end of the essay I want to draw a conclusion about justice in the Uruguay Round agreement, also taking into consideration recent developments within the agreement of the WTO, and referring to the question raised at the beginning of this introduction about ethics and morality in IR.

The completion of the Uruguay Round of negotiations has resulted in the creation of important international agreements. This book examines the implementation of the GATT agreement and its national and international legal and constitutional ramifications

Agriculture was a major item on the agenda of the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), launched in 1986. In this specially commissioned volume the national positions on agriculture taken up by the major players during the course of these negotiations are set out and analysed, country by country, by a team of internationally renowned experts. The editors have selected and ordered the studies to provide a coherent assessment and synthesis of the main issues and areas of controversy raised by the negotiations. Examination of the reasons for the holding of different national perspectives on the issue of agricultural policy and trade reform helps to explain why reaching international agreement in this area of the GATT negotiations has been so elusive.