Disaster Management Assisted By Space Systems Utilization

This SpringerBrief provides a general overview of the role of satellite applications for disaster mitigation, warning, planning, recovery and response. It covers both the overall role and perspective of the emergency management community as well as the various space applications that support their work. Key insights are provided as to how satellite telecommunications, remote sensing, navigation systems, GIS, and the emerging domain of social media are utilized in the context of emergency management needs and requirements. These systems are now critical in addressing major man-made and natural disasters. International policy and treaties are covered along with various case studies from around the world. These case studies indicate vital lessons that have been learned about how to use space systems more effectively in addressing the so-called “Disaster Cycle.” This book is appropriate for practicing emergency managers, Emergency Management (EM) courses, as well as for those involved in various space applications and developing new satellite technologies.

In this book, space systems are situated in the global processes of the 21st century’s information society and the role that space information systems could play in risk management is determined; methods of detecting and forecasting of both natural disasters and technogenic catastrophes and existing global and regional monitoring systems are described; and the IGMASS is introduced with its architecture and design concept and social and economic aspects and estimates of its creation, development, and utilization. Finally, results of the international symposium held in Limassol, Cyprus, in November 2009 in preparation of the IGMASS project’s submission to the United Nations are discussed.

Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Miscellaneous, , language: English, abstract: This article gives a vivid account of findings of the study of broad issues relating to disaster management in Africa using space systems and related technologies. This write up would start by reviewing the generic ways space systems can be used in managing disasters. Thereafter, it would examine the current status of space disaster reduction in Africa, with particular attention on Nigeria. Then it would also go ahead to look at some opportunities and challenges in African by unfolding some of the global efforts of space disaster management in the continent. The article would furthermore focus on Nigeria by carrying out some case studies on indigenous effort by NASRDA to use space to manage for checking desertification, floods and gully erosion.

'Extreme' events - including climatic events, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, drought - can cause massive disruption to society, including large death tolls and property damage in the billions of dollars. Events in recent years have shown the importance of being prepared and that countries need to work together to help alleviate the resulting pain and suffering. This volume presents an integrated review of the broad research field of large-scale disasters. It establishes a common framework for predicting, controlling and managing both manmade and natural disasters. There is a particular focus on events caused by weather and climate change. Other topics include air pollution, tsunamis, disaster modeling, the use of remote sensing and the logistics of disaster management. It will appeal to scientists, engineers, first responders and health-care professionals, in addition to graduate students and researchers who have an interest in the prediction, prevention or mitigation of large-scale disasters.

In the past few years the United States has experienced a series of disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which have severely taxed and in many cases overwhelmed responding agencies. In all aspects of emergency management, geospatial data and tools have the potential to help save lives, limit damage, and reduce the costs of dealing with emergencies. Great strides have been made in the past four decades in the development of geospatial data and tools that describe locations of objects on the Earth's surface and make it possible for anyone with access to the Internet to witness the magnitude of a disaster. However, the effectiveness of any technology is as much about the human systems in which it is embedded as about the technology itself. Successful Response Starts with a Map assesses the status of the use of geospatial data, tools, and infrastructure in disaster management, and recommends ways to increase and improve their use. This book explores emergency planning and response; how geospatial data and tools are currently being used in this field; the current policies that govern their use; various issues related to data accessibility and security; training; and funding. Successful Response Starts with a Map recommends significant investments be made in training of personnel, coordination among agencies, sharing of data and tools, planning and preparedness, and the tools themselves.

In 21st century, the development scenario of communities worldwide has been marked by its economic growth, social stability, and technological advancement. Moreover, in this age of information, the collection, storage, transmission and use of information has further strengthened the development and sustainability of the communities. In this direction, the incorporation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in different aspects of human life focuses on improving the quality of life and strengthening the human capabilities for facing various challenges. The advent of ICT in various fields has influenced the innovation to an unimaginable extent and provided various smart solutions to deal with the existing challenges viz. healthcare, agriculture , transportation, education, urbanization, etc. This dimension of disaster management system design is called ICT-based disaster management [6]. The disasters have significantly impacted societies and economies worldwide, and it can be well illustrated through the figures related to the occurrences, casualties, and economic losses caused due to disasters in the past (as shown in Fig. 1.1). The analysis of Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) [7] has depicted a total of 8223 natural disasters worldwide during the period 1997-2017. The presented statistics show how disasters have affected both the life and habitats on this planet, and it was mainly due to the lack of the communities' abilities to handle the disaster-associated threats and challenges. However, with the course of time, these surging grave consequences of disasters viz. demographic, environmental, and socio-economic disruptions, and the innovative penetration of ICT in various fields, have shifted the focus of various communities and nations towards the exploration of ICT-based disaster managementrelated solutions. Because of this, many initiatives at the world level viz. ICT for Disaster Management in Philippines, AMS Emergency Telecommunications, Bhutan: Hydromet Services and Disaster Resilience Regional Project, and Fintech Innovation for Disaster Relief, have been initiated. This transition at the global level has drawn an enormous interest of the different research communities from various corners of the world, paving the way for the communities to include ICT-based smart solutions to handle the disruptive effects of disasters. The employment of ICT-based smart solutions enables the minimization of disruptions, human and socio-economic losses, and various other issues that emerge due to communities' vulnerability to disasters in more structured and systematic ways using a common operating picture. This dimension of disaster management system design is called ICT-based disaster management. The innovations in the domain of ICT have led to the development of cutting edge technologies and evolved a new computing model, where data is perceived from the physical spaces and analyzed at the cyber spaces for providing insightful data analytics in the form of information services to the concerned stakeholders. In this regard, he paradigms of cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) prototype of wireless sensor network have become the forefront technologies in facilitating this computing environment. The advancements in sensor technology and wireless communication and their assimilation in the IoT has promoted the wide-scale deployment of smart things and mobile devices in various domains.

This is the definitive reference on disaster medicine, outlining areas of proficiency for health care professionals handling mass casualty crises.