Cross Layer Design Of Networking Protocols In Wireless Local Area Networks And Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Unlike prior research on cross-layer design approach in wireless networks which focused on pure theoretical studies and either are too complicated to solve or the resulting solutions become too simple to be practical because of many unpractical assumptions, the theoretical studies and protocol design in this dissertation are based on the widely used IEEE 802.11 standard and hence can achieve immediate impact on products and revolutionize the way that people design networked systems.

Adaptive techniques play a key role in modern wireless communication systems. The concept of adaptation is emphasized in the Adaptation in Wireless Communications Series through a unified framework across all layers of the wireless protocol stack ranging from the physical layer to the application layer, and from cellular systems to next-generation wireless networks. Adaptation and Cross Layer Design in Wireless Networks is devoted to adaptation in the data link layer, network layer, and application layer. The book presents state-of-the-art adaptation techniques and methodologies, including cross-layer adaptation, joint signal processing, coding and networking, selfishness in mobile ad hoc networks, cooperative and opportunistic protocols, adaptation techniques for multimedia support, self –organizing routing, and tunable security services. It presents several new theoretical paradigms and analytical findings which are supported with various simulation and experimental results. Adaptation in wireless communications is needed in order to achieve high capacity and ubiquitous communications. The current trend in wireless communication systems is to make adaptation dependent upon the state of the relevant parameters in all layers of the system. Focusing on simplified cross layer design approaches, this volume describes advanced techniques such as adaptive resource management, adaptive modulation and coding, 4G communications, QoS, diversity combining, and energy and mobility aware MAC protocols. The first volume in the series, Adaptive Signal Processing in Wireless Communications (cat no.46012) covers adaptive signal processing at the physical layer.

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2016 in the subject Computer Science - Miscellaneous, grade: 16, , language: English, abstract: In this thesis, we have modified AODV routing protocol by incorporating link prediction algorithm using a proposed link prediction model. This algorithm predicts the link availability time and even before the link breaks; either it repairs the route locally or sends information to the source nodes to enable them to initiate a new route search well in time. This algorithm improves the quality of service of the network. Simulation results show that AODV routing algorithm with link availability model performs better than the existing AODV. Advances in wireless technology and hand-held computing devices have brought revolution in the area of mobile communication. The increasing mobility of humans across the globe generated demand for infrastructure-less and quickly deployable mobile networks. Such networks are referred to as Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET). Usually, nodes in a MANET also act as a router while being is free to roam while communicating each others. Adhoc networks are suited for use in situations where infrastructure is unavailable or to deploy one is not cost-effective. Frequent changes in network topology due to mobility and limited battery power of the mobile devices are the key challenges in the adhoc networks. The depletion of power source may cause early unavailability of nodes and thus links in the network. The mobility of nodes will also causes frequent routes breaks and adversely affects the required performance for the applications. Availability of a route in future mainly depends on the availability of links between the nodes forming the route. Therefore, it is important to predict the future availability of a link that is currently available. We have proposed an analytical model for link prediction using Newton divided difference method. This link availability algorithm is incorporated in AODV routing algorithm (AODVLP) to evaluate the performance of AODV routing protocol using the metrics viz. delivery rate, average end-to-end delay, average RTS collisions per node and route failure. In the existing AODV protocol, packets are routed until a link in the existing path fails. This results in degradation of quality of service of network in terms of end-to-end delay and delivery ratio.

Cross-layer design seeks to enhance the capacity of wireless networks significantly through the joint optimization of multiple layers in the network, primarily the physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layers. Although there are advantages of such design in wireline networks as well, this approach is particularly advantageous for wireless networks due to the properties (such as mobility and interference) that strongly affect performance and design of higher layer protocols. This unique monograph is concerned with the issue of cross-layer design in wireless networks, and more particularly with the impact of node-level multiuser detection on such design. It provides an introduction to this vibrant and active research area insufficiently covered in existing literature, presenting some of the principal methods developed and results obtained to date. Accompanied by numerous illustrations, the text is an excellent reference for engineers, researchers and students working in communication networks.

Mobile Ad-Hoc network (MANET) in a popular type of wireless network that is formed by a collection of mobile nodes. Each node in such a network has the capability to communicate with its neighbors and non-neighbors through a wireless medium without using any existing network infrastructure. Due to the lack of infrastructure, all nodes in Ad-Hoc network are designed to act as an end system and a router for other nodes. Traditionally, the dominant design methodology for network protocols was based on the open systems interconnection (OSI) reference model. This methodology divided the stack into seven layers in which each layer operates independently. Due to the dynamics of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Ad-Hoc network, the conventional protocol stack is not sufficiently flexible to achieve certain quality of services (QoS) required by some applications. To overcome the limitations of the layering technique, cross-layering approach was implemented in this dissertation to adjust some key parameters in the first three layers of the OSI model based on the aircraft attitude variations (pitch, roll and yaw) and the variation of wireless links. To that respect, directional antennas were used by the UAVs to extend the coverage area and reduce the number of hops between the source and destination. Meanwhile, since the traditional Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol assumed the use of Omni-directional antennas, we designed a new MAC scheme that adapts its parameters based on the channel Bit-Error-Rate (BER) which is affected by the new antenna system and aircraft attitude. As for the routing protocol, we modified the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol in such a way that the decision for selecting the route will be based on a local profile that holds the gathered information form the first three layers. UAV Ad-Hoc network was implemented by using a discrete event simulator called Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET). We investigated the performance of the proposed techniques and compared them with the existing schemes. The simulation results showed that the proposed techniques improved the network performance and gave results better than the existing protocols in terms of throughput and End-toEnd delay.

Adaptive techniques play a key role in modern wireless communication systems. The concept of adaptation is emphasized in the Adaptation in Wireless Communications Series through a unified framework across all layers of the wireless protocol stack ranging from the physical layer to the application layer, and from cellular systems to next-generation wireless networks. Adaptation and Cross Layer Design in Wireless Networks is devoted to adaptation in the data link layer, network layer, and application layer. The book presents state-of-the-art adaptation techniques and methodologies, including cross-layer adaptation, joint signal processing, coding and networking, selfishness in mobile ad hoc networks, cooperative and opportunistic protocols, adaptation techniques for multimedia support, self –organizing routing, and tunable security services. It presents several new theoretical paradigms and analytical findings which are supported with various simulation and experimental results. Adaptation in wireless communications is needed in order to achieve high capacity and ubiquitous communications. The current trend in wireless communication systems is to make adaptation dependent upon the state of the relevant parameters in all layers of the system. Focusing on simplified cross layer design approaches, this volume describes advanced techniques such as adaptive resource management, adaptive modulation and coding, 4G communications, QoS, diversity combining, and energy and mobility aware MAC protocols. The first volume in the series, Adaptive Signal Processing in Wireless Communications (cat no.46012) covers adaptive signal processing at the physical layer.

Although the existing layering infrastructure--used globally for designing computers, data networks, and intelligent distributed systems and which connects various local and global communication services--is conceptually correct and pedagogically elegant, it is now well over 30 years old has started create a serious bottleneck. Using Cross-Layer Techniques for Communication Systems: Techniques and Applications explores how cross-layer methods provide ways to escape from the current communications model and overcome the challenges imposed by restrictive boundaries between layers. Written exclusively by well-established researchers, experts, and professional engineers, the book will present basic concepts, address different approaches for solving the cross-layer problem, investigate recent developments in cross-layer problems and solutions, and present the latest applications of the cross-layer in a variety of systems and networks.

Handbook of Wireless Local Area Networks: Applications, Technology, Security, and Standards captures the current state of wireless LANs, and serves as the single comprehensive reference on the subject. Addressing challenges related to the further development of WLAN technology, the Handbook covers the entire spectrum of topics from basic concepts t