Catalysis From Theory To Application An Integrated Course

This book Catalysis from Theory to Application. An Integrated Course encompasses the lectures of an integrated course on Catalysis (CIC2006) organized in the University of Coimbra according to the guidelines set up by the ERA-Net ACENET (Applied Catalysis European Network). The book is subdivided in five sections: heterogeneous, homogeneous, photo- and electro-catalysis and a fifth section covering experimental design and planning.The course and the lectures presented in this book intend to offer a broad and comprehensive survey on the different subjects of catalysis. Indeed, most graduate students in Chemistry or Chemical Engineering have only fragmented knowledge. Accordingly, the book is intended for undergraduate and post-graduate students or Industrial Researchers of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering interested in acquiring integrated knowledge in this field.

Written by an excellent, highly experienced and motivated team of lecturers, this textbook is based on one of the most successful courses in catalysis and as such is tried-and-tested by generations of graduate and PhD students, i.e. the Catalysis-An-Integrated-Approach (CAIA) course organized by NIOK, the Dutch Catalysis research school. It covers all essential aspects of this important topic, including homogeneous, heterogeneous and biocatalysis, but also kinetics, catalyst characterization and preparation, reactor design and engineering. The perfect source of information for graduate and PhD students in chemistry and chemical engineering, as well as for scientists wanting to refresh their knowledge

Catalysis is a multidisciplinary activity which is reflected in this book. The editors have chosen a novel combination of basic disciplines - homogeneous catalysis by metal complexes is treated jointly with heterogeneous catalysis with metallic and non-metallic solids. The main theme of the book is the molecular approach to industrial catalysis. In the introductory section Chapter 1 presents a brief survey of the history of industrial heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. Subsequently, a selection of current industrial catalytic processes is described (Chapter 2). A broad spectrum of important catalytic applications is presented, including the basic chemistry, some engineering aspects, feedstock sources and product utilisation. In Chapter 3, kinetic principles are treated. The section on fundamental catalysis begins with a description of the bonding in complexes and to surfaces (Chapter 4). The elementary steps on complexes and surfaces are described. The chapter on heterogeneous catalysis (5) deals with the mechanistic aspects of three groups of important reactions: syn-gas conversion, hydrogenation, and oxidation. The main principles of metal and metal oxide catalysis are presented. Likewise, the chapter on homogeneous catalysis (6) concentrates on three reactions representing examples from three areas: carbonylation, polymerization, and asymmetric catalysis. Identification by in situ techniques has been included. Many constraints to the industrial use of a catalyst have a macroscopic origin. In applied catalysis it is shown how catalytic reaction engineering deals with such macroscopic considerations in heterogeneous as well as homogeneous catalysis (Chapter 7). The transport and kinetic phenomena in both model reactors and industrial reactors are outlined. The section on catalyst preparation (Chapters 8 and 9) is concerned with the preparation of catalyst supports, zeolites, and supported catalysts, with an emphasis on general principles and mechanistic aspects. For the supported catalysts the relation between the preparative method and the surface chemistry of the support is highlighted. The molecular approach is maintained throughout. The first chapter (10) in the section on catalyst characterization summarizes the most common spectroscopic techniques used for the characterisation of heterogeneous catalysts such as XPS, Auger, EXAFS, etc. Temperature programmed techniques, which have found widespread application in heterogeneous catalysis both in catalyst characterization and simulation of pretreatment procedures, are discussed in Chapter 11. A discussion of texture measurement, theory and application, concludes this section (12). The final chapter (13) gives an outline of current trends in catalysis. Two points of view are adopted: the first one focusses on developments in process engineering. Most often these have their origin in demands by society for better processes. The second point of view draws attention to the autonomous developments in catalysis, which is becoming one of the frontier sciences of physics and chemistry. In this book emphasis is on those reactions catalyzed by heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts of industrial relevance. The integrative treatment of the subject matter involves many disciplines, consequently, the writing of the book has been a multi-author task. The editors have carefully planned and harmonized the contents of the chapters.

This book concentrates on industrially relevant reactions which are catalyzed by heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous catalysis by metal complexes is treated jointly with heterogeneous catalysis using metallic and non-metallic solids. In both areas the high degree of sophistication of spectroscopic techniques and theoretical modelling has led to an enormous increase in our understanding at the molecular level. This holds for the kinetics of the reactions and the reactivities of the catalysts, as well as for the syntheses of the catalytic materials. The development of catalysis science since the first edition of this book has necessitated a thorough revision, including special chapters on biocatalysis, catalyst characterization and adsorption methods. The multidisciplinary nature of catalysis is reflected in the choice of a novel combination of basic disciplines which will be refreshing and inspiring to readers.

Hydrogen—is it the energy vector for the future, or on the contrary, limited for many more decades, possibly even until the end of the century, to its current applications in the field of chemistry and refining? Advocates of the hydrogen civilization and the skeptics, even the declared opponents, are deeply divided over this issue. For the first, following a technological revolution, hydrogen would play a universal role alongside electricity in transport, leading to radical elimination of CO2 emissions. For the second, hydrogen will remain restricted to its current applications due to the insoluble problems inherent in its generalized use, especially in transport.

This introductory textbook covers all aspects of catalysis. It also bridges computational methods, industrial applications and green chemistry, with over 700 references. The author, a renowned researcher in catalysis, teaches scientific writing as well as chemistry. This makes him the ideal person to write such a textbook. The effectiveness of his practical approach has been well proven in courses for undergraduates and graduates (in 2007 he was voted "lecturer of the year" by the chemistry students). Following an introduction to green chemistry and the basics of catalysis, the book covers biocatalysis, homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis, as well as computer applications in catalysis research. Each chapter also features integrated exercises that help students prepare for their exams.

This book is based on a graduate course and suitable as a primer for any newcomer to the field, this book is a detailed introduction to the experimental and computational methods that are used to study how solid surfaces act as catalysts. Features include: First comprehensive description of modern theory of heterogeneous catalysis Basis for understanding and designing experiments in the field Allows reader to understand catalyst design principles Introduction to important elements of energy transformation technology Test driven at Stanford University over several semesters