Ballistic Materials And Penetration Methods

Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics deals with ballistically protective materials and penetration mechanics. The book discusses historical and practical considerations of ballistic protection, including metallic armor, as well as ballistic testing methodology, the ability of a protective material to stop or slow down a particular projectile, and the theoretical aspects of penetration mechanics. It also highlights the importance of stress wave analysis in the penetration and spalling phenomena. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the history of the armor and the modern helmet. It proceeds with a discussion of variations in ballistic test methods, errors in test methods, and the importance of the hardness and geometry of both the target and the projectile. The next chapters focus on the importance of fibrous armor, materials that are visually transparent and resistant to penetration by high-energy projectiles and fragments, and transparent armor and ceramic composite armor. The reader is also introduced to materials used in the design of metallic armor, the role of stress waves in the penetration problem, and the use of computer simulation to analyze ballistic impact experiments. The book looks at numerical techniques for modeling hypervelocity impact and concludes with a chapter on the penetration mechanics of textile structures. This book is a valuable resource for scientists working at government, industrial, and university laboratories, as well as law enforcement officers and others who want information on materials that provide the best protection against damage from impacts, explosions, and bullets.

Advanced Fibrous Composite Materials for Ballistic Protection provides the latest information on ballistic protection, a topic that remains an important issue in modern times due to ever increasing threats coming from regional conflicts, terrorism, and anti-social behavior. The basic requirements for ballistic protection equipment are first and foremost, the prevention of a projectile from perforating, the reduction of blunt trauma to the human body caused by ballistic impact, the necessity that they are thermal and provide moisture comfort, and that they are lightweight and flexible to guarantee wearer’s mobility. The main aim of this book is to present some of the most recent developments in the design and engineering of woven fabrics and their use as layering materials to form composite structures for ballistic personal protection. Chapter topics include High Performance Ballistic Fibres, Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), Ballistic Damage of Hybrid Composite Materials, Analysis of Ballistic Fabrics and Layered Composite Materials, and Multi-Scale Modeling of Polymeric Composite Materials for Ballistic Protection. Contributions from leading experts in the field Cutting edge developments on the engineering of ballistic materials Comprehensive analysis of the development and uses of advanced fibrous composite materials

This monograph covers all important issues of terminal ballistics in a comprehensive way combining experimental data, numerical simulations and analytical modeling. It uses a unique approach to numerical simulations as sensitivity measure for the major physical parameters. In the first chapter, the book includes necessary details about the experimental equipment which are used for ballistic tests. The second chapter covers essential features of the codes which are used in recent years all over the world, the Euler vs. Lagrange schemes, meshing techniques etc. The third chapter, devoted to the penetration mechanics of rigid rods, brings the update of modeling in this field. The fourth chapter deals with plate perforation and the fifth chapter deals with the penetration of shaped charge jets and eroding long rods. The last chapter includes several techniques for the disruption and defeating of the main threats in armor design. Throughout the book the authors demonstrate the advantages of the simulation approach in understanding the basis physics behind the investigated phenomena.

Ballistic composites need to be lightweight and durable as well as exhibiting high impact resistance and damage tolerance. This important book reviews these requirements, how the materials used for ballistic composites meet them and their range of applications.After an introductory chapter, Lightweight ballistic composites is split into two main sections. The first part of the book explores material requirements and testing. There are chapters on bullets and bullet fragments, material responses to ballistic impact, standards and specifications, modelling and test methods. Part Two reviews the range of materials used, production methods and applications. Topics discussed include high-performance ballistic fibres and ceramics, non-woven ballistic and prepreg composites, and their uses in body armour, vehicle and aircraft protection.This major book is the first of its kind to give a comprehensive review of the current use of lightweight ballistic composites in both military and law-enforcement applications. It is an invaluable reference for all those involved in personnel and vehicle protection in defence and police forces around the world. Reviews the current use of lightweight ballistic composites in both military and law-enforcement application An authoritative overview of the range of materials used, production methods and applications Explores material requirements and testing

Armor plays a significant role in the protection of warriors. During the course of history, the introduction of new materials and improvements in the materials already used to construct armor has led to better protection and a reduction in the weight of the armor. But even with such advances in materials, the weight of the armor required to manage threats of ever-increasing destructive capability presents a huge challenge. Opportunities in Protection Materials Science and Technology for Future Army Applications explores the current theoretical and experimental understanding of the key issues surrounding protection materials, identifies the major challenges and technical gaps for developing the future generation of lightweight protection materials, and recommends a path forward for their development. It examines multiscale shockwave energy transfer mechanisms and experimental approaches for their characterization over short timescales, as well as multiscale modeling techniques to predict mechanisms for dissipating energy. The report also considers exemplary threats and design philosophy for the three key applications of armor systems: (1) personnel protection, including body armor and helmets, (2) vehicle armor, and (3) transparent armor. Opportunities in Protection Materials Science and Technology for Future Army Applications recommends that the Department of Defense (DoD) establish a defense initiative for protection materials by design (PMD), with associated funding lines for basic and applied research. The PMD initiative should include a combination of computational, experimental, and materials testing, characterization, and processing research conducted by government, industry, and academia.

This work provides comprehensive, practice-oriented coverage of ballistics. It explains the principles and calculation methods for the main four areas of ballistics, regardless of calibre, drawing on numerous facts, observations and examples from the authors decades of experience. Interior ballistics: The characteristics of explosive materials (detonating agents and propellants), methods for calculating gas pressure and the velocity of projectiles and rockets during the acceleration phase, alternative systems for accelerating projectiles and the acceleration of fragments. Intermediate ballistics: The dynamics of the moment at which the projectile leaves the muzzle and propellant gas is ejected from the barrel, effects on the person or structure supporting the weapon and approaches to resolving questions regarding shots from close range in criminology and forensic medicine. Exterior ballistics: The forces acting on a projectile and methods for calculating them, models for calculating trajectories (including the ballistic coefficient), gyroscopic projectile stabilization theory and aerodynamic optimization of projectiles. Terminal ballistics: Empirically-derived facts and data. The principles of ballistic protection design, ballistic testing problems and possible solutions and a comprehensive discussion of ricochets a matter of considerable importance in forensics. The book is intended for ballisticians, military personnel, police officers, criminologists, shooting range specialists, sport shooters, hunters and anyone else with an interest in ballistics. Beat P. Kneubuehl holds a PhD in forensic science and a masters degree in mathematics. For 33 years he was head of the Ballistic Science Unit at the Ballistics, Weapons and Ammunition Test Centre of the Swiss Ministry of Defence. He developed key ballistics software and frequently played a leading role in range tests involving every calibre of munition. He devoted himself to the problems of ballistic protection and the effects of projectiles under the auspices of the European Committee for Standardization and of NATO. After completing a doctorate in forensic science, he added forensic ballistics to his field of activity. His earlier publications include the standard work Wound Ballistics: Basics and Applications (also published by Springer-Verlag).