Architecture And Economics For Grid Operation 30

This monograph presents a possible research agenda for analytics and control of a deep decarbonized electric grid with pervasive data, interactive consumers, and power electronics interfaces. It focuses on new lines of investigation that are driven by new technological, economical, and policy factors. Conventional monitoring and control of the power grid heavily depends upon the physical principles of the underlying engineering systems. There is however increasing complexity of the physical models compounded by a lack of precise knowledge of their parameters, as well as new uncertainties arising from behavioral, economic, and environmental aspects. On the other hand there is increasing availability of sensory data in the engineering and economic operations and it becomes attractive to leverage such data to model, monitor, analyze, and potentially close control loops over data. The increasing deployment of large numbers of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) provides the potential for providing timely and actionable information about the transmission system. Chapter 2 examines a framework for drastically reducing the dimensionality of the high volume streaming data, while preserving its salient features for purposes such as event detection, classification and visualization, and potentially even to close the loop around the data. Driven by the deepening penetration of renewable energy resources at both transmission and distribution levels, there is an increasing need for utilizing power electronics interfaces as intelligent devices to benefit the overall grid. Chapter 3 offers a conceptual design and concrete examples of a qualitatively different power grid stabilization mechanism in the context of networked microgrids. Another major paradigm change in the operation of the grid is that demand will have to be engaged much more to balance the partially variable renewable energy supply, which in turn requires greater understanding of human behavior to economic variables such as price. Chapter 4 presents a possible formulation to model the behavior of individual consumers in future grid operations. Chapter 5 presents a proposed solution to the problem of detecting attacks on the sensor measurements in the grid, which has become a greater concern with increasing reliance on sensor data transported over communication networks, with both sensors and networks liable to malicious cyber-attacks. The goal of this monograph is to design clean, affordable, reliable, secure, and efficient electricity services. and to expand the horizon of the state of the research in the electric energy systems, at a critical time that is seeing the emergence of Grid 3.0. It is by no means complete and aims to stimulate research by next generation researchers.

Explains the economics of electricity at each step of the supply chain: production, transportation and distribution, and retail.

Covers the latest practices, challenges and theoretical advancements in the domain of balancing economic efficiency and operation risk mitigation This book examines both system operation and market operation perspectives, focusing on the interaction between the two. It incorporates up-to-date field experiences, presents challenges, and summarizes the latest theoretic advancements to address those challenges. The book is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the fundamentals of integrated system and market operations, including market power mitigation, market efficiency evaluation, and the implications of operation practices in energy markets. The second part discusses developing technologies to strengthen the use of the grid in energy markets. System volatility and economic impact introduced by the intermittency of wind and solar generation are also addressed. The third part focuses on stochastic applications, exploring new approaches of handling uncertainty in Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) as well as the reserves needed for power system operation. The fourth part provides ongoing efforts of utilizing transmission facilities to improve market efficiency, via transmission topology control, transmission switching, transmission outage scheduling, and advanced transmission technologies. Besides the state-of-the-art review and discussion on the domain of balancing economic efficiency and operation risk mitigation, this book: Describes a new approach for mass market demand response management, and introduces new criteria to improve system performance with large scale variable generation additions Reviews mathematic models and solution methods of SCUC to help address challenges posed by increased operational uncertainties with high-penetration of renewable resources Presents a planning framework to account for the value of operational flexibility in transmission planning and to provide market mechanism for risk sharing Power Grid Operations in a Market Environment: Economic Efficiency and Risk Mitigation is a timely reference for power engineers and researchers, electricity market traders and analysts, and market designers.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Grid Economics and Business Models held in August 2007. The twelve full papers are organized into topical sections covering grid business modeling, market mechanisms for the grid, and economic grid service provisioning. The proceedings are rounded off by six project reports that give an overview of current and ongoing research in grid economics.

This book is the first on Smart Grid 3.0. The book presents literature reviews of recent computational and communication technologies and their application in the evolution of smart grids to Smart Grid 3.0. It offers new control solutions, architectures and energy management strategies that are based on artificial intelligence and deep learning techniques. The book details the hardware and software implementation of fault identification or detection based on synchrophasor data and machine learning. It also discusses blockchain architectures for smart grid applications such as electric vehicles, home automation and automatic metering infrastructure.

This thesis is about the design and the implementation of a resilient grid operation for the distribution grid. This research question is induced by the advancing of three trends: Decarbonisation, decentralisation and digitalisation. These three trends transform the hitherto passive distribution grid into an active system that contains an active operation. The term “resilience” describes capabilities of the system to absorb, to adapt, and to recover from faults and disturbances. This concept is realised on the one hand with the choice of the operation architecture, on the other hand for the choice of possible methods and functions. This thesis develops a distributed-hierarchical operation architecture. For this architecture several methods have been developed that optimally benefit from the operation architecture and that allow the fully automated operation of the distribution grid. For that purpose a heuristic optimisation has been developed to solve problems like voltage profile violations and congestions. Another important method, especially with regard to resilience, is the self-healing capability to resupply clients after permanent faults.

"This book provide relevant theoretical frameworks covering the latest empirical research findings in the area of grid computing, with a critical perspective bridging the gap between academia and the latest achievements of the computer industry"--Provided by publisher.

The goals of restructuring of the power sector are competition and operating efficiency in the power industry that result in reliable, economical, and quality power supply to consumers. This comprehensive reference text provides an in-depth insight into these topics. Deregulated Electricity Structures and Smart Grids discusses issues including renewable energy integration, reliability assessment, stability analysis, reactive power compensation in smart grids, and harmonic mitigation, in the context of the deregulated smart electricity market. It covers important concepts including AC and DC grid modelling, harmonics mitigation and reactive power compensation in the deregulated smart grid, and extraction of energy from renewable energy sources under the deregulated electricity market with the smart grid. The text will be useful for graduate students and professionals in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, renewable energy, and clean technologies.

The smart grid initiative, integrating advanced sensing technologies, intelligent control methods, and bi-directional communications into the contemporary electricity grid, offers excellent opportunities for energy efficiency improvements and better integration of distributed generation, coexisting with centralized generation units within an active network. A large share of the installed capacity for recent renewable energy sources already comprises insular electricity grids, since the latter are preferable due to their high potential for renewables. However, the increasing share of renewables in the power generation mix of insular power systems presents a significant challenge to efficient management of the insular distribution networks, mainly due to the variability and uncertainty of renewable generation. More than other electricity grids, insular electricity grids require the incorporation of sustainable resources and the maximization of the integration of local resources, as well as specific solutions to cope with the inherent characteristics of renewable generation. Insular power systems need a new generation of methodologies and tools to face the new paradigm of large-scale renewable integration. Smart and Sustainable Power Systems: Operations, Planning, and Economics of Insular Electricity Grids discusses the modeling, simulation, and optimization of insular power systems to address the effects of large-scale integration of renewables and demand-side management. This practical book: Describes insular power systems, renewable energies, uncertainty, variability, reserves, and demand response Examines state-of-the-art forecasting techniques, power flow calculations, and scheduling models Covers probabilistic and stochastic approaches, scenario generation, and short-term operation Includes comprehensive testing and validation of the mathematical models using real-world data Explores electric price signals, competitive operation of distribution networks, and network expansion planning Smart and Sustainable Power Systems: Operations, Planning, and Economics of Insular Electricity Grids provides a valuable resource for the design of efficient methodologies, tools, and solutions for the development of a truly sustainable and smart grid.