Applications Of Supercritical Fluids In Industrial Analysis
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Author | : J.R. Dean |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 238 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 940112146X |
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The continued search for rapid, efficient and cost-effective means of analytical measurement has introduced supercritical fluids into the field of analytical chemistry. Two areas are common: supercritical fluid chroma tography and supercritical fluid extraction. Both seek to exploit the unique properties of a gas at temperatures and pressures above the critical point. The most common supercritical fluid is carbon dioxide, employed because of its low critical temperature (31 °C), inertness, purity, non-toxicity and cheapness. Alternative supercritical fluids are also used and often in conjunction with modifiers. The combined gas-like mass transfer and liquid-like solvating characteristics have been used for improved chroma tographic separation and faster sample preparation. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is complementary to gas chro matography ( GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), providing higher efficiency than HPLC, together with the ability to analyse thermally labile and high molecular weight analytes. Both packed and open tubular columns can be employed, providing the capability to analyse a wide range of sample types. In addition, flame ionization detection can be used, thus providing 'universal' detection.
Author | : John R. Dean |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business |
Total Pages | : 244 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9780849371080 |
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The search for rapid, efficient and cost-effective means of analytical measurement has introduced supercritical fluids into the field of analytical chemistry. This text reviews the current situation regarding supercritical fluids in analytical chemistry and considers future possibilities.
Author | : J R Dean |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 246 |
Release | : 1993-08-31 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789401121477 |
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This volume concentrates on applications of supercritical fluids in the major industrial sectors: polymer analysis, environmental chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry and food technology. An introduction to supercritical fluids is followed by chapters on the instrumentation available for supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography.
Author | : John R. Dean |
Publisher | : Chapman & Hall |
Total Pages | : 224 |
Release | : 1993-01-01 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9780751400571 |
Download Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Analysis Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
the continued search for rapid, efficient and cost-effective means of analytical measurement has introduced supercritical fluids into the field of analytical chemistry. Two areas are common: supercritical fluid chromatography and supercritical fluid extraction. Both seek to exploit the unique properties of a gas at temperatures and pressures above the critical point. The most common supercritical fluid is carbon dioxide employed because of its low critical temperature (310C), inertness, purity, non-toxicity and cheapness.
Author | : E. Kiran |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 602 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9401139296 |
Download Supercritical Fluids Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density and they are therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the density the properties of these fluids can be customised and manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical solvents such as CO2 are currently on-line commercially in the food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another, major analytical application. Significant advances have recently been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation to the creation of porous materials. The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3) transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling, computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers, pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process scale-up.
Author | : Vladimir Anikeev |
Publisher | : Newnes |
Total Pages | : 285 |
Release | : 2013-12-21 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 0444626972 |
Download Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications covers the fundamental principles involved in the preparation and characterization of supercritical fluids (SCFs) used in the energy production and other environmental applications. Energy production from diversified resources — including renewable materials — using clean processes can be accomplished using technologies like SCFs. This book is focused on critical issues scientists and engineers face in applying SCFs to energy production and environmental protection, the innovative solutions they have found, and the challenges they need to overcome. The book also covers the basics of sub- and supercritical fluids, like the thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations. A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. At this state the compound demonstrates unique properties, which can be "fine-tuned," making them suitable as organic solvents in a range of industrial and laboratory processes. This volume enables readers to select the most appropriate medium for a specific situation. It helps instructors prepare course material for graduate and postgraduate courses in the area of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. And it helps professional engineers learn supercritical fluid-based technologies and use them in solving the increasingly challenging environmental issues. Relates theory, chemical characteristics, and properties of the particular supercritical fluid to its various applications Covers the fundamentals of supercritical fluids, like thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations Includes the most recent applications of supercritical fluids, including energy generation, materials synthesis, and environmental protection
Author | : Samuel P. Sawan |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 307 |
Release | : 1998-12-31 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 0815519168 |
Download Supercritical Fluid Cleaning Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Although supercritial fluid (SCF) technology is now widely used in extraction and purification processes (in the petrochemical, food and pharmaceuticals industries), this book is the first to address the new application of cleaning. The objective is to provide a roadmap for readers who want to know whether SCF technology can meet their own processing and cleaning needs. It is particularly helpful to those striving to balance the requirements for a clean product and a clean environment. The interdisciplinary subject matter will appeal to scientists and engineers in all specialties ranging from materials and polymer sciences to chemistry and physics. It is also useful to those developing new processes for other applications, and references given at the end of each chapter provide links to the wider body of SCF literature. The book is organized with topics progressing from the fundamental nature of the supercritical state, through process conditions and materials interactions, to economic considerations. Practical examples are included to show how the technology has been successfully applied. The first four chapters consider principles governing SCF processing, detailing issues such as solubility, design for cleanability, and the dynamics of particle removal. The next three chapters discuss surfactants and microemulsions, SCF interaction with polymers, and the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a cleaning solvent. The closing chapters focus on more practical considerations such as scaleup, equipment costs, and financial analysis.
Author | : Melissa N. Dunkle |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 464 |
Release | : 2020-09-01 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1119523303 |
Download Analytical Techniques in the Oil and Gas Industry for Environmental Monitoring Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
A thorough introduction to environmental monitoring in the oil and gas industry Analytical Techniques in the Oil and Gas Industry for Environmental Monitoring examines the analytical side of the oil and gas industry as it also provides an overall introduction to the industry. You’ll discover how oil and natural gas are sourced, refined, and processed. You can learn about what’s produced from oil and natural gas, and why evaluating these sourced resources is important. The book discusses the conventional analyses for oil and natural gas feeds, along with their limitations. It offers detailed descriptions of advanced analytical techniques that are commercially available, plus explanations of gas and oil industry equipment and instrumentation. You’ll find technique descriptions supplemented with a list of references as well as with real-life application examples. With this book as a reference, you can prepare to apply specific analytical methods in your organization’s lab environment. Analytical Techniques can also serve as your comprehensive resource on key techniques in the characterization of oil and gas samples, within both refinery and environmental contexts. Understand of the scope of oil and gas industry techniques available Consider the benefits and limitations of each available process Prepare for applying analytical techniques in your lab See real examples and a list of references for each technique Read descriptions of off-line analytics, as well as on-line and process applications As a chemist, engineer, instructor, or student, this book will also expand your awareness of the role these techniques have in environmental monitoring and environmental impact assessments.
Author | : Gregory K. Webster |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 420 |
Release | : 2014-02-04 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9814463000 |
Download Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Analytical chemists in the pharmaceutical industry are always looking for more-efficient techniques to meet the analytical challenges of today’s pharmaceutical industry. One technique that has made steady advances in pharmaceutical analysis is supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). SFC is meeting the chromatography needs of the industry by providing efficient and selective testing capabilities on the analytical and preparative scale. The supercritical fluid mobile phase, consisting mainly of CO2, facilitates cost reduction costs and helps the industry in meeting green chemistry standards. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of SFC in pharmaceutical analysis. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography reviews the use of SFC in drug-discovery applications and describes its application in drug development. When a drug is developed and brought to market, it is tested many times for impurities and degradants, enantiomeric purity, and analytical and preparative isolations—it is tested during discovery and development and for under-regulated and unregulated methodologies. The book describes the use of SFC for each of these applications and discusses more in-depth topics, such as the use of SFC in mass spectrometric and polarographic detection. The book also sheds light on the role of SFC in drug development from natural products and the advancement of SFC with new technologies and its use in pilot-scale operations as a chromatographic technique.
Author | : Gerd Brunner |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 396 |
Release | : 2013-06-29 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3662073803 |
Download Gas Extraction Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Application of compressed gases as solvents has found widespread interest within the scientific community. Its processes have industrial applications. Gas Extraction deals with the possibilities of supercritical gases as solvents for separation processes. The volume combines physico-chemical aspects with chemical engineering methods. The text generalizes as far as possible, and treats examples in detail. Gas Extraction covers, for the first time, the subject in textbook form. Most of the examples provide new results that will be helpful for practicing scientists, engineers, and students who want to make use of the techniques.