A Comparative Analysis Of Japanese And German Economic Success

The aim of this book is to evaluate accurately economic development mechanism and to extract valuable lessons from a comparison of the economic development of Japan and that of Germany. The book covers an extensive range of economic issues: (1) macro-economic factors: capital, labor, technology; (2) macro-economic policies: financial, monetary, industrial; (3) external shocks to both economies: oil crises, exchange rate fluctuations, environmental problems; (4) development processes of major industries: steel, chemicals, and automobiles. The analyses with this systematic and comprehensive approach provide useful insights for the general reader as well as guidelines for developing countries and for Eastern European countries in transition.

This book presents comparative research into the economic and industrial systems of Japan and Germany after the Second World War. Both Japan and Germany became "miracles" of economic development in the postwar reconstruction period, although their political, industrial, and corporate systems are quite different, as are the processes of development. The particular differences reflect the economic, social, and environmental backgrounds of the two countries. The aim of this book is to evaluate accurately the economic development mechanism and to extract valuable lessons from a comparison of the economic development of Japan and that of Germany.

Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: As the idea of Japan as a leader in management styles and the mythos 'collectivism' as a key to high quality performance and productivity is still in mind of German managers, this work tries to compare actual leadership styles of Japanese and German managers on the level of cultural dimensions. In the study the sample consisted of 119 persons in middle management positions (82 male and 37 female), 60 persons with work experience in Japan and 59 without experience. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding 52 leadership characteristics (e.g. the ability to assert oneself, to cooperate or to delegate) within five cultural dimensions. Participants then rated the importance of this characteristic for the specific category. Findings of the study showed significant differences in experienced and estimated management styles between the countries as well as significances regarding management traits of the german culture after working in Japan. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: CHAPTER ONE9 1.1INTRODUCTION9 1.2STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM11 1.3RESEARCH QUESTION14 CHAPTER TWO15 2.1INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND ITS CULTURAL CONTEXT15 2.1.1Culture15 2.1.2Cross-cultural Communication22 2.2.2Cross-cultural Management25 2.2.3Significance for Organization29 2.3SUCCESS FACTORS OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS31 2.4CULTURALLY COMPARATIVE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH35 2.4.1Management-oriented Cultural Research36 2.4.2Cultural Dimensions according to Hofstede40 2.4.2.1Dimension of power distance41 2.4.2.2Dimension of collectivism versus individualism43 2.4.2.3Dimension of masculinity versus femininity44 2.4.2.4Dimension of uncertainty avoidance46 2.4.3The Dimension of the Confucian Dynamic47 2.4.4Further Dimensions of Culture51 2.4.4.1Basic dimensions of culture according to Adler52 2.4.4.2Dimensions of culture according to Trompenaars54 2.5THE SOCIO-CULTURAL BACKGROUND OF JAPANESE MANAGERS57 2.5.1Japanese Confucianism58 2.5.2Corporate collectivism: The uchi mentality60 2.5.3Consensus and participation in management63 2.6THE PRESENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GERMANY AND JAPAN63 2.6.1General and political relationships63 2.6.2The Economic Relationships65 2.6.2.1Relationships to the European Union (EU)65 2.6.2.2Foreign Trade between Germany and Japan66 2.6.2.3Special Features67 2.6.3Cultural Contacts69 2.7LEADERSHIP STYLES70 2.7.1Definition and aspects of leadership70 2.7.2Differencies in the leadership [...]

Inhaltsangabe: Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: I.Table of Contents II.Table of Figures III.Abbreviations IV.Executive Summary IV.Preface 1.Introduction 2.Project Management Terms and Definitions 2.1What is a Project? 2.2What is Project Management? 2.3What is Project Success? 3.Project Management - An Overview 3.1Reasons for Project Management 3.2Project Organization 3.2.1The Project as Part of the Functional Organization 3.2.2Project Organization 3.2.3Matrix Organization 3.2.4Mixed Organizational Systems 3.3The Project Manager 3.4The Project Life Cycle 3.4.1Project Planning 3.4.2Project Execution 3.4.3Project Termination 3.5The Human Factor 3.6Benefits of Project Management 4.General Factors for Project Success 4.1Literature Research 4.2Guidelines for Selection 4.3Project Success Factors in the Literature 4.3.1Slevin and Pinto s Studies of Project Success 4.3.2Antonioni s Study of Project Success 4.3.3Factors from Various Authors and/or Industry- Specific Studies 4.3.4Lessons from Project Failure 4.4Success Factor Overview 5.Multinational Management of R&D Projects 5.1Special Features of Development Project Management 5.1.1Project Evaluation and Selection 5.1.2Multi-Project Environment 5.1.3Generations of R&D Management 5.1.4Phase Management of R&D Projects 5.1.5Managing Interfaces 5.1.6The Importance of Time-to-Market 5.1.7Additional Factors for R&D Project Success 5.2Cultural Influences on Project Management 5.2.1Why Culture Matters? 5.2.2Selected Aspects of Japanese Business Culture 5.3Company X in Japan 5.3.1New Business Development Group (NBDG) 5.3.2Project Management 5.3.3Project Portfolio 5.4Company Y in Germany 5.4.1New Product Development of Division A in Germany 5.4.2Project Management 6.Measurement of Development Project Success Factors 6.1Methodology and Execution 6.1.1Methods of Measurement 6.1.2Considerations on Research Implementation 6.1.3Creating the Questionnaire 6.1.4Rules by Work Committes and Data Protection Representatives 6.1.5Execution of the Survey 6.2Analysis 6.2.1Questionnaire Coding 6.2.2Testpersons 6.3Results 6.3.1Self-Assessment of Dimensions for Project Success 6.3.2Satisfaction with Resource Allocation 6.3.3Special Aspects of Project Implementation 6.3.4R&D-Marketing Interface Management 6.3.5Self-Assessment of Development Project Processes 6.3.6Open Questions and Comments 6.3.7Success Factors in Japanese Development Project [...]

Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 2,0, University of applied sciences, Munich, language: English, abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the differences in business leadership in Germany and Japan, based on widely known and academically respected cultural frameworks. This is particularly important for globally operating firms in order to have the greatest possible success, to motivate the employees, and avoid business failure due to cultural clashes. The intention of chapter 2 is to provide the reader with an understanding of the terms culture and leadership. Furthermore, this chapter focuses on the description and explanation of the cultural theories of Edward T. Hall, Fons Trompenaars and Charles Hampden-Turner, as well as the Globe Study. Chapter 3 focuses on the description of Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. In order to distinguish the German and Japanese culture and its leadership styles, two selected dimensions of his theory will be applied. At the end of this chapter, both cultures are differentiated again, and it is determined which style of leadership suits to which culture. Finally, the term work in chapter 4 comes to a conclusion that refers to the gained knowledge of the previous chapters.

This edited volume examines the American influence on West German and Japanese industry from the 1950s to the 1970s, providing a valuable contribution to the debate on 'Americanization' from a historical and comparative perspective. Individual contributions provide an in-depth analysis of the adoption and modification of management and technological issues from the US in West Germany and Japan at the micro-economic level.

Nazi Germany and Japan occupied huge areas at least for some period during World War II, and those territories became integral parts of their war economies. The book focuses on the policies of World War II aggressors in occupied countries. The unbalanced economic and financial relations were defined by administrative control, the implementation of institutions and a variety of military exploitation strategies. Plundering, looting and requisitions were frequent aggressive acts, but beyond these interventions by force, specific institutions were created to gain control over the occupied economies as a whole. An appropriate institutional setting was also crucial to give incentives to the companies in the occupied countries to produce munitions for the aggressors. The book explains the main fields of war exploitation (organisation and control, war financing and workforce recruitment). It substantiates these aspects in case studies of occupied countries and gives examples of the business policy of multinational companies under war conditions. The book also provides an account of differences and similarities of the two occupation systems. Economies under Occupation will interest researchers specialising in the history of economic thought as well as in economic theory and philosophy. It will also engage readers concerned with regional European and Japanese studies and imperial histories.