Zeolites In Industrial Separation And Catalysis

This first book to offer a practical overview of zeolites and their commercial applications provides a practical examination of zeolites in three capacities. Edited by a globally recognized and acclaimed leader in the field with contributions from major industry experts, this handbook and ready reference introduces such novel separators as zeolite membranes and mixed matrix membranes. The first part of the book discusses the history and chemistry of zeolites, while the second section focuses on separation processes. The third and final section treats zeolites in the field of catalysis. The three sections are unified by an examination of how the unique properties of zeolites allow them to function in different capacities as an adsorbent, a membrane and as a catalyst, while also discussing their impact within the industry.

Foreword During the recent years a large number of fascinating books appeared covering the ever growing area of zeolites, zeotypes and mesoporous molecular sieves even including the emerging field of metal organic frameworks. In contrast, we decided to prepare this book focused exclusively on zeolites and zeotypes, defined as crystalline microporous materials, to show that they are still one of the most important groups of inorganic materials serving as very well defined model structures for detail kinetic and spectroscopic studies up to industrially applied catalysts for cracking, refineries, petrochemistry, synthesis of fine chemicals, and in environmental catalysis. Based on that we believe that this book on zeolites will be useful not only for students and newcomers to this field but also to all experienced researchers as a useful reference book. Preparing this book we tried to follow up the pathway starting from synthesis of zeolites and understanding of new advances in this area up to their applications in adsorption and zeolites. Authors both from academic institutions very active in this area as well as leading experts from industry were invited to prepare their contributions. While in the Introduction the editors tried to briefly outline some basic summary of the last 250 years since the description of the first natural zeolite by Swedish mineralogist Cronsted, W.J. Roth focused on the discussion of recently synthesized zeolites and zeotypes and the exploitation of the structure directing concepts for the successful synthesis of these novel structural types of zeolites. This is continued by R. Lobo, who made a great effort to evaluate the most important factors controlling the synthesis of zeolites from the point of view of the mechanism of zeolite synthesis. Many organic cations play important role in the synthesis of zeolites and J. Perez-Pariente focused his attention on their role as structure- directing agents, without which the synthesis would not proceed. In recent years synthesis of nanozeolites with particle sizes in tens of nanometers step forward. This topic is nicely covered by S. Mintova and V. Valtchev showing important factors for their synthesis together with discussing possibilities of their investigation. This is followed by the chapter of S.E. Park centered on the application of microwave irradiation to shorten the synthesis time of zeolites and to control selectivity and morphology during the synthesis. Zeolite membranes for separations and catalysis present another important area of zeolite endeavor. J. Santamaria and coworkers nicely described recent achievements in this area. Final chapter devoted to the synthesis of zeolites was written by industrial experts led by Lam. The authors focused on the critical issues of scaling up of the zeolite synthesis, which provides more detailed ideas of the critical aspects of this effort. Acidity is one of the most important features of zeolites playing the crucial role in acid-catalyzed reactions. B. Gil presented various approaches to characterization of the acidity of zeolites and discussed advantages and disadvantages of individual relevant methods. From the practical point of view main part of the book is devoted to catalysis. Chapter by R. Staudt and M. Thommes preceded these chapters describing a broad application potential of zeolites for adsorption applications. As for the catalysis, A. Martinez focused on application of zeolites in petrochemical reactions and M. Bejblová and J. Cejka highlighted many examples of catalytic potential of zeolites in fine chemical synthesis. For the first time a topic of zeolite catalysis for renewables was covered by H. van Bekkum while Z. Sobalik discussed the application of zeolites in environmental catalysis with special emphasis on deNOx processes. Industrial applications of zeolites were summarized by C. Perego and A. Carati showing many examples of the importance of zeolites in this field. Finally, C. Christensen and his group presented an emerging field of controlled synthesis of mesoporous zeolites and their catalytic potential. It was our great pleasure to work with many friends and top researchers on the preparation of this book. We would like to sincerely thank all of them for their timely reviews on selected topics and particular effort to put the book together. Last but not least we appreciate the kind invitation from the Transworld Research Network publishing house to edit this book.

Zeolites occur in nature and have been known for almost 250 years as alumino silicate minerals. Examples are clinoptilolite, mordenite, offretite, ferrierite, erionite and chabazite. Today, most of these and many other zeolites are of great interest in heterogeneous catalysis, yet their naturally occurring forms are of limited value as catalysts because nature has not optimized their properties for catalytic applications and the naturally occurring zeolites almost always contain undesired impurity phases. It was only with the advent of synthetic zeolites in the period from about 1948 to 1959 (thanks to the pioneering work of R. M. Barrer and R. M. Milton) that this class of porous materials began to playa role in catalysis. A landmark event was the introduction of synthetic faujasites (zeolite X at first, zeolite Y slightly later) as catalysts in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) of heavy petroleum distillates in 1962, one of the most important chemical processes with a worldwide capacity of the order of 500 million t/a. Compared to the previously used amorphous silica-alumina catalysts, the zeolites were not only orders of magnitude more active, which enabled drastic process engineering improvements to be made, but they also brought about a significant increase in the yield of the target product, viz. motor gasoline. With the huge FCC capacity worldwide, the added value of this yield enhancement is of the order of 10 billion US $ per year.

Accessible references for researchers and industrialists in this exciting field, covering both developments and applications of catalysis.

Zeolites and Zeolite-like Materials offers a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the important areas of zeolite synthesis, characterization, and applications. Its chapters are written in an educational, easy-to-understand format for a generation of young zeolite chemists, especially those who are just starting research on the topic and need a reference that not only reflects the current state of zeolite research, but also identifies gaps and opportunities. The book demonstrates various applications of zeolites in heterogeneous catalysis and biomass conversion and identifies the endless possibilities that exist for this class of materials, their structures, functions, and future applications. In addition, it demonstrates that zeolite-like materials should be regarded as a living body developing towards new modern applications, thereby responding to the needs of modern technology challenges, including biomass conversion, medicine, laser techniques, and nanomaterial design, etc. The book will be of interest not only to zeolite-focused researchers, but also to a broad scientific and non-scientific audience. Provides a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to zeolites and zeolite-like materials since 2000 Covers the chemistry of novel zeolite-like materials such as Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), hierarchical zeolite materials, new mesoporous and composite zeolite-like micro/mesoporous materials Presents essential information of the new zeolite-like structures, with a balanced coverage of the most important areas of the zeolite research (synthesis, characterization, adsorption, catalysis, new applications of zeolites and zeolite-like materials) Contains chapters prepared by known specialists who are members of the International Zeolite Association

Presented in an easy-to-read form, this book on zeolite catalysis cover all aspects of the subject. It focuses on synthesis, structure, diffusion, deactivation, and industrial applications. This book is an ideal text for courses on catalysis or as a supplementary text for those studying applied or industrial chemistry. It is also a useful resource for anyone who works with zeolites as catalysts in the laboratory, pilot plants, or commercial installations.

This book, written and edited by leading authorities from academia and industrial groups, covers both preventive- and curative-zeolite-based technologies in the field of chemical processing.The opening chapter presents the state of the art in zeolite science. The two subsequent chapters summarize the chemistries involved in the processes and the constraints imposed on the catalyst/adsorbent. Three major areas are covered: oil refining, petrochemicals and fine chemicals. A chapter on the (curative) use of zeolites in pollution abatement completes this overview.In the area of oil refining, a general lecture sets the scene for present and future challenges. It is followed by in-depth case studies involving FCC, hydrocracking and light naphtha isomerization. Also, an entire chapter is devoted to the often-overlooked subject of base oils.In the area of petrochemicals, the processing of aromatics and olefins is described and special attention is paid to the synergy between catalysis and separation on molecular sieves.

The idea for putting together a tutorial on zeolites came originally from my co-editor, Eric Derouane, about 5 years ago. I ?rst met Eric in the mid-1980s when he spent 2 years working for Mobil R&D at our then Corporate lab at Princeton, NJ. He was on the senior technical staff with projects in the synthesis and characterization of new materials. At that time, I managed a group at our Paulsboro lab that was responsible for catalyst characterization in support of our catalyst and process development efforts, and also had a substantial group working on new material synthesis. Hence, our interests overlapped considerably and we met regularly. After Eric moved back to Namur (initially), we maintained contact, and in the 1990s, we met a number of times in Europe on projects of joint interest. It was after I retired from ExxonMobil in 2002 that we began to discuss the tutorial concept seriously. Eric had (semi-)retired and lived on the Algarve, the southern coast of Portugal. In January 2003, my wife and I spent 3 weeks outside of Lagos, and I worked parts of most days with Eric on the proposed content of the book. We decided on a comprehensive approach that ultimately amounted to some 20+ chapters covering all of zeolite chemistry and catalysis and gave it the title Zeolite Chemistry and Catalysis: An integrated Approach and Tutorial.

This indispensable two-volume handbook covers everything on this hot research field. The first part deals with the synthesis, modification, characterization and application of catalytic active zeolites, while the second focuses on such reaction types as cracking, hydrocracking, isomerization, reforming and other industrially important topics. Edited by a highly experienced and internationally renowned team with chapters written by the "Who's Who" of zeolite research.

This volume compiles and discusses the fundamental and multidisciplinary knowledge on adsorption and separation processes using zeolites as adsorbents. Over the last decade, a large amount of research has been carried out for the development of zeolites as adsorbents. However, there is still a growing interest to increase the understanding of such selective adsorbents. Therefore, synthesis strategies and new approaches for developing new selective zeolite adsorbents for gas separation are presented in the first chapter. In addition, a chapter focused on adsorption characterization techniques of microporous materials is included. This will be helpful for advanced readers, since the new IUPAC recommendations for microporous characterization are not still widely employed by the zeolite community. Experimental and theoretical aspects of economically and environmentally relevant separations, which have been successfully carried out with zeolites, are discussed in detail in subsequent chapters. Finally, industrial zeolite based adsorption and separation processes as well as current perspectives for new zeolite based separations, and improvements of current technologies are presented.