What Is Next for Mali? the Roots of Conflict and Challenges to Stability

What Is Next for Mali? the Roots of Conflict and Challenges to Stability
Author: Strategic Studies Institute
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014-02
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9781304872067


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In March 2012, the government of Mali, one of the most touted symbols of Africa's democratic potential, fell in a military-executed coup. At the same time, a 4-decades old rebellion among Tuaregs seeking autonomy or independence reached new heights fueled by weapons from Libya and the belief that the Arab Spring could extend to northern Mali. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and their allies were quick to capitalize on the increasing chaos in a territory characterized by lack of government control and poverty and seized the major cities in the north. While French-led military intervention restored security to cities in the north, the underlying social, economic and political issues of the crisis remain.

What is Next for Mali?

What is Next for Mali?
Author: Dona J. Stewart
Publisher:
Total Pages: 86
Release: 2013
Genre: Insurgency
ISBN: 9781584876021


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In March 2012, the government of Mali, one of the most touted symbols of Africa's democratic potential, fell in a military-executed coup. At the same time, a 4-decades old rebellion among Tuaregs seeking autonomy or independence reached new heights fueled by weapons from Libya and the belief that the Arab Spring could extend to northern Mali. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and their allies were quick to capitalize on the increasing chaos in a territory characterized by lack of government control and poverty and seized the major cities in the north. While French-led military intervention restored security to cities in the north, the underlying social, economic and political issues of the crisis remain.

What is Next for Mali?

What is Next for Mali?
Author: Dona J. Stewart
Publisher:
Total Pages: 108
Release: 2013
Genre: History
ISBN:


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In March 2012, the government of Mali, one of the most touted symbols of Africa's democratic potential, fell in a military-executed coup. At the same time, a 4-decades old rebellion among Tuaregs seeking autonomy or independence reached new heights fueled by weapons from Libya and the belief that the Arab Spring could extend to northern Mali. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and their allies were quick to capitalize on the increasing chaos in a territory characterized by lack of government control and poverty and seized the major cities in the north. While French-led military intervention restored security to cities in the north, the underlying social, economic and political issues of the crisis remain.

What Is Next for Mali? the Roots of Conflict and Challenges to Stability

What Is Next for Mali? the Roots of Conflict and Challenges to Stability
Author: U.s. Army War College
Publisher: CreateSpace
Total Pages: 86
Release: 2014-04-10
Genre: Poetry
ISBN: 9781497595538


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In March 2012, the government of Mali, one of the most touted symbols of Africa's democratic potential fell in a military-executed coup. At the same time, a 4-decade-old rebellion among Tuaregs seeking autonomy or independence reached new heights, fueled by weapons from Muammar Gadaffi's fallen government and perhaps the belief that the Arab Spring could extend to northern Mali. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and their allies were quick to capitalize on the increasing chaos in a territory characterized by lack of government control and poverty and seized the major cities in the north. The imposition of a severe form of Islamic law and a growing food crisis sent the population fleeing south across Mali's international borders. The French-led military intervention, Operation SERVAL, ousted the militants from the main cities in the north, but did not address the crisis' underlying issues including the grievances that feed the Tuareg nationalist movement, the establishment of a civilianled government in Mali, and the near- and long-term threats to food security. The eruption of this crisis also demands a critical look at the Sahel's regional security framework, and the U.S. role in it.In Part I, Background to the Crisis, the author explores the deeper background to the crisis and sets it within Mali's historical and geographical context. Though it was a major world power in the Middle Ages the former Malian Empire had long lost its economic strength by the time the European countries colonized Africa. To control their territory, the French used military means to try to bring the pastoralists in the Sahel, such as the Tuareg, under control. Independent since 1960, Mali struggled to develop political institutions and achieve economic growth. After years of dictatorial rule, Mali transitioned to democracy in 1992. Despite considerable economic aid from the United States, it remained one of the poorest countries in the region. Indeed, the neighborhood, the Sahel zone that runs east to west through the continent, is a zone of poor, ungoverned spaces, sometimes referred to as the “arc of instability.”In Part II: The Crisis Unfolds, the author examines the recent events that created the volatile conditions leading to the crisis. The Tuareg nationalist movement has existed for over 40 years; there have been at least four periods of rebellion, and military force has been the primary response from the central government. Gadaffi had long been a supporter of the Tuareg, employing them in trusted positions within his military. The fall of his regime sent many Tuaregs home, laden with heavy weaponry, escalating the rebellion to new heights. Due to a steady expansion into the Sahel zone over the last decade, AQIM was well poised to capitalize on the anarchy and seize the north's major cities.The fall of Gao, Timbuktu, and Kidal to AQIM illustrates the need for a critical examination of the U.S.- led regional security framework, which is the focus of Part III: The Regional Security Framework in the Sahel. Numerous factors hindered the effectiveness of this framework, including the newness of the military partnerships with regional governments, their differing strategic level interests, and the wide range of capabilities among their armed forces. Building partner counterterrorism capability to meet the transnational al-Qaeda threat was the primary focus of the security framework through programs such as the Pan Sahel Initiative (PSI) and the Trans Sahel Counter Terrorism Partnership (TSCTP). However, it was ill-prepared for a complex crisis that included a largely secular nationalist rebellion, the overthrow of a civilian government by U.S.-trained soldiers, and a large-scale humanitarian crisis.

Mali

Mali
Author: Franklin Hauser
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014
Genre: Mali
ISBN: 9781631172038


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For the past year, Mali has been mired in overlapping security, political, and humanitarian crises. Islamist extremist groups expanded their presence in the country following a March 2012 coup d'état that overthrew Mali's democratically elected government and led the military chain of command to collapse. The insurgents include Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), a U.S.-designated Foreign Terrorist Organization, along with at least two loosely allied groups. In the capital, Bamako, the interim government formed in the wake of the coup has suffered from internal divisions and military interference, and must contend with an economic recession and revenue shortages. Insecurity in northern Mali has displaced over 350,000 people and exacerbated regional food insecurity and poor humanitarian conditions. This book discusses the crisis in Mali in further detail; provides a testimony from a hearing on U.S. interest and the international response to the crisis; and includes the roots of conflict and challenges to stability.

The Conflict in Mali. Causes and Approaches to the Crisis

The Conflict in Mali. Causes and Approaches to the Crisis
Author: Philipp Striegl
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 19
Release: 2022-09-15
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 3346724492


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Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Politics - Region: Africa, grade: A, , course: Contemporary African Politics, language: English, abstract: Despite massive international engagement by the EU, USA, and various other actors, the conflicts in the Sahel region of Africa do not seem to boil down in the near future. This paper explores the root causes of the conflict, shedding light on the historical background of the Tuareg rebellions and the marginalization of the north of Mali. It proceeds to the current stage of the conflict while examining some drivers of instability. The main focus of this work is on the failed solutions the Malian government has introduced to control the conflict, most of them falling prey to internal corruption, militarization, and power disputes. It is argued that any long-term solution needs to take institutional aspects and the neglect of the north of Mali into account, including negotiations with the most important stakeholders.

Toward a Secure and Stable Northern Mali

Toward a Secure and Stable Northern Mali
Author: Stephanie Pezard
Publisher:
Total Pages: 11
Release: 2013
Genre: Internal security
ISBN: 9780833083432


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The 2012 conflict in northern Mali has shown that many assumptions about Mali's political stability, internal cohesion, and military capabilities were deeply flawed. The January 2013 French-led military intervention scattered the insurgents, but the conditions and drivers that brought about the crisis in the first place have yet to be addressed. This report is intended to assist with the post-conflict planning in northern Mali by examining the historical, economic, and social factors that drive conflict in northern Mali and the different groups that have been involved in the conflict. The authors argue that, in the absence of a large international presence, durable security in northern Mali will have to be provided, to a large extent, by local actors. The authors draw on historical examples of rebellions in Mali since 1916 to show how detailed knowledge of the different local actors and their political dynamics can help in finding solutions that will bring lasting security and stability to the region.

Constructing Democracy in Transitioning Societies of Africa

Constructing Democracy in Transitioning Societies of Africa
Author: S. Wing
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2011-01-18
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9780230109155


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This book explores the process by which constitutions and democratic institutions are constructed. Wing focuses on how innovative constitutional dialogues involving participation, negotiation, and recognition of groups previously excluded from political decision-making may be the key to a legitimate constitution.

Theroots of Mali's Conflict

Theroots of Mali's Conflict
Author: Grégory Chauzal
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:


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This paper, the first report of the new Maghreb-Sahel Programme of the Clingendael Institute's Conflict Research Unit, aims to explore the most prominent root causes and global influences that account for the 2012 crisis. It addresses the local issues that have played a significant role in undermining peace and security and explores the international dynamics that have contributed to this malaise. On the basis of that analysis, the paper seeks to give the many local and international bodies now engaged in the Sahel region, and in Mali in particular, food for thought as to what political, social and developmental challenges remain to be addressed so as to prevent a recurrence of armed conflict and institutional collapse. The paper should serve as a clear warning to all those who believe the international community can move on once the immediacy of crisis management in Mali has ended.

Music, Culture and Conflict in Mali

Music, Culture and Conflict in Mali
Author: Andy Morgan
Publisher: Lulu.com
Total Pages: 219
Release: 2013
Genre: Art
ISBN: 8798816373


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"Music, Culture and Conflict in Mali takes an in-depth look at the crisis that overtook Mali in January 2012 and lead to a ten-month occupation of the northern two-thirds of the country by armed jihadi groups. The book examines the roots of those tumultuous events and their effect on the music and culture of the country. There are chapters on music under occupation in the north, the music scene in Bamako, the destruction of mausoleums in the north, the fate of Mali's precious manuscripts, Mali's film and theatre industries and the response to the crisis from writers, poets, journalists, intellectuals and film-makers."--Publisher description.