Waxes

Mr. Hiroshi Tsuyuki, the Japanese authority on Jewelry Wax Modeling, uses an innovative approach to teaching the technique of wax modeling. Often a process is easier shown than described in so many words. This book was conceived through the author's teaching experience -- more photos and sketches and less text resulting in less over-the-shoulder supervision. By introducing new techniques in each project, his students were able to progress more rapidly towards independence in design concepts. While preparing a model for casting and the actual casting process are adequately explained in most casting books, very little space is devoted to the design and creation of wax models. Mr. Tsuyuki presents 11 basic projects in this book, each one designed to teach the use of certain tools and types of waxes in a progressive manner as one's skills improve. Each step of every project is accompanied by a photo and text and in some cases supplementary sketches and notes are provided to clarify those particular processes. Paying careful attention to the photos, noting the demonstrator's hand position and the type of tool being used, eliminates any confusion which may result from the text. After each basic model is completed the author offers a number of sketches suggesting design possibilities using the techniques learned in the construction of the basic model. Mr. Tsyuki states that by conscientiously completing each project, the student should be well on the way to becoming a designer/modeler. This book is 112 pages and has 283 photos and illustrations.

This book covers chemistry of lubricants and waxes up to technologies applied for their commercial production including technologies in commercial operation. Grease as a lubricant in solid form including various formulations characterizing grease and liquid lubricants has been extensively covered. The environment impacts of the processes along with environment friendly processes developed have also been covered along with data in the book. To make the book more practical, various plants’ operating conditions have been provided as a part of case studies. Features: Provides updated information on the process, technologies, and application especially for production of Group-II and III base oils. Covers theory behind the processes including stoichiometry of chemical reactions, physical and chemical structures, and theoretical text explanations. Includes mathematical equations and data to evaluate the actual operations and/or check design of the plant. Explores practical applications including commercial production of lubricants and waxes. Covers various industrial case studies. This book is aimed at Professionals in industries involving the application of lubricants and waxes.

More than just a technical guide, this book provides comprehensive information for those new to cold wax medium, as well as technical expertise and inspiration to those with experience. Featuring nearly 100 artists from around the world, Cold Wax Medium will strengthen your work and studio practice, suggest new directions, and support thoughtful self-critique.

"I highly recommend this book of technical information and procedures for anyone wanting to learn wax modeling techniques? this book is clear and well organized. Good large step-by-step explanatory black and white photos illustrate the points made in the concise, strictly informational text. This is the second in a series of books on professional wax working for lost wax casting. It might be useful to have read the first volume - 'Basic Wax Modeling' before this volume but it is still a good stand-alone text". - Charles Lewton-Brain (internationally known lecturer, author, designer, inventor of Fold-Forming) from his review on Ganoksin. DESCRIPTIONIn this book jewelry wax modeling techniques are introduced and explained in detail, illustrated with step-by-step photographs.Some special features of Practical Wax Modeling include:a) Practical applications when using a variety of waxesb) Mitsuro and its usesc) Demonstrations of a variety of texturesd) Methodology of finishing castings.Practical Wax Modeling was written as an applied compilation of projects for the authors' introductory book Basic Wax Modeling.

Natural and Synthetic Waxes A compilation of all relevant information for the production and use of waxes in technical applications Waxes are among the oldest organic substances used by mankind. Before all others, beeswax is known to have played a role in human history for thousands of years. But over time, many other wax species have been detected and exploited, and prepared for different utilizations. Today, we possess knowledge of a great variety of different types of waxes. Unfortunately, there still is no broadly accepted definition of a wax: for the relatively few wax chemists, waxes are usually defined by their physico-chemical properties more than by their chemical constitution. Waxes are not uniform but oligomeric and polymeric substances, not simply describable with a chemical formula. The realm of waxes encompasses fully or partly natural, refined, partly or fully synthetic products, which can be extended by “wax-like” products which do not fulfil all definition criteria. Waxes are offered in different forms like pellets, granules, powders, or micropowders. Their number of technical applications runs into thousands. However, waxes in most cases are just adjuvants or additives, and with few exceptions like candles not known to a broader public. Only few publications over the last decades tried to present a more comprehensive overview of heir chemistry, chemical composition, their physical and analytical properties, their applications, and their sometimes astonishing history. Based on personal experience and expertise, the authors intend to present an overview on the main classes of waxes, their origin, history, future, and potential fate. Economical aspects like market size and development, ecological impacts and challenges, and regulatory issues are also addressed. Waxes are indispensable products in everyday life and in industry and technology, though mostly not even visible or distinguishable to experts. They deserve more than the role of a “poor cousin” in chemistry and technology.

Provides state-of-the-art information on all processes currently used to manufacture lubricant base oils and waxes-offering practical, timesaving solutions for specific on-the-job problems. Furnishes helpful lists of conversion factors, construction cost data, and process licensors, as well as a glossary of essential petroleum processing terms.

Wax and polishes are used for many purposes. Wax has their principal use in waterproofing; they are mainly consumed industrially as components of complex formulations, often for coatings. Waxes confer matting effects and wear resistance to paints. Although most natural waxes are esters, paraffin waxes are hydrocarbons, mixtures of alkanes usually in a homologous series of chain lengths. These materials represent a significant fraction of petroleum. They are refined by vacuum distillation. The degree of branching has an important influence on the properties. Millions of tons of paraffin waxes are produced annually. They are used in adhesives, in foods (such as chewing gum and cheese wrapping), in cosmetics, and as coatings. Paraffin wax is typical of the agents that are coated on a film or sheet, one that really melt. Waxed paper, still the most widely used heat sealing material, was the earliest product to bring the advantages of heat sealing to packaging. Paraffin wax is mostly found as a white, odorless, tasteless, waxy solid, with an average melting point. The FT waxes are purely synthetic polymers of carbon monoxide and hydrogen which can be best be described chemically as mineral waxes. Duroxons of the B group also serve as additives in the manufacture of lubricating greases for the purpose of raising their dropping point and improving the consistency. There are various types of mineral waxes; lignite wax, montan wax, durmont wax, ozocerite wax, utah wax, peat wax etc. Utah waxes are successfully utilized in dance floor wax, linoleum wax, shoe polish etc. Some other important uses of waxes are in candles, polishes, electrical insulation, coatings and carbon paper. There are various types of polishes having industrial and domestic applications; abrasive polish, aluminium polish, motor car polishes, cellulose friction polishes, furniture polishes, leather belt polishes, pine oil metal polish etc. For many years, petroleum wax was considered a byproduct of lubricant base stock production, it has come onto its own over the last decade and is considered by most refiners to be a relatively high margin product and is often an important contributor to the overall profitability of the refinery. Pure paraffin wax is an excellent electrical insulator. There are many refineries in India which have with fuel, lube, wax and petrochemical feed stocks production facilities. Mineral waxes (including petroleum) account for an estimated 85% of this global demand, with synthetic waxes accounting for 10% and animal and vegetable waxes, accounting for 5%. Wax consumption is expected to grow at an average annual growth rate of 1% in this decade. Clearly, different regions and different product applications will enjoy different growth rates. This book basically deals with microcrystalline waxes in floor polishes, properties of braxilian grades of carnauba wax, compatibility of paraffin waxes with other substances, synthetic mineral waxes, miscellaneous synthetic waxes, additives for raising melting point of candles, wax coating for fruits, shribs, and plants, effect of paraffin on esparto montan mixtures, water proofing of kraft papers, production of montan wax, polish, abrasives, metal cleaners, nickel silver castings, cleaning, polishing metals for metallographic analysis, paste for wax calf leather, burnishing polishes for automobile maintenance, etc. The purpose of this book is to present comprehensive information of different types of wax and polishes like their processing, properties and uses. This book is very useful for new entrepreneurs, technocrats, professionals and researchers. 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