Virtual Globalization

This book examines the interrelationship between telecommunications and tourism in shaping the nature of space, place and the urban at the end of the twentieth century. They discuss how these agents are instrumental in the production of homogenous world-spaces, and how these, in turn, presuppose new kinds of political and cultural identity. This work will be of essential interest to scholars and students in the fields of sociology, geography, cultural studies and media studies.

DIVA very creative study of the different kinds of task-integration, and management, found in virtual migration and body-shopping throughout the global software industry in general and between India and the US in particular./div

Online business has been growing progressively and has become the major business platform within the past two decades. The internet bulldozed the development of new business models and innovations that substantially changed the way businesses run today. This led to a growth of advanced technologies used in online business such as data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. With higher internet connectivity and the exponential growth of mobile devices, shopping processes and behaviors were significantly affected as people are consistently connected online. Consumers can easily gain helpful product information and retail competitor information in myriad online channels. This led to a profound effect on businesses where they began to invest in new technologies and business practices that aim to align with the effects of globalization. Given the rapid technology advancements, both businesses and customers are presently experiencing an exponential upsurge in the implementation of new business processes and models. Impact of Globalization and Advanced Technologies on Online Business Models explores the ever-changing field of running an online busines and presents the current issues and challenges in online business triggered by global shifts in the online environment and technological changes. The chapters draw from a wide range of technologies used in today’s digital marketplace as well as recent development and empirical researches on online consumer behavior. As such, this book aims to contribute new dimensions in managing advancements in online business triggered by global and technology transformation. This book is ideal for executives, managers, IT consultants, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in globalization and the new technologies affecting online business models.

How global contemporary art reanimates the past as a resource for the present, combating modern art's legacy of Eurocentrism. If European modernism was premised on the new—on surpassing the past, often by assigning it to the “traditional” societies of the Global South—global contemporary art reanimates the past as a resource for the present. In this account of what globalization means for contemporary art, David Joselit argues that the creative use of tradition by artists from around the world serves as a means of combatting modern art's legacy of Eurocentrism. Modernism claimed to live in the future and relegated the rest of the world to the past. Global contemporary art shatters this myth by reactivating various forms of heritage—from literati ink painting in China to Aboriginal painting in Australia—in order to propose new and different futures. Joselit analyzes not only how heritage becomes contemporary through the practice of individual artists but also how a cultural infrastructure of museums, biennials, and art fairs worldwide has emerged as a means of generating economic value, attracting capital and tourist dollars. Joselit traces three distinct forms of modernism that developed outside the West, in opposition to Euro-American modernism: postcolonial, socialist realism, and the underground. He argues that these modern genealogies are synchronized with one another and with Western modernism to produce global contemporary art. Joselit discusses curation and what he terms “the curatorial episteme,” which, through its acts of framing or curating, can become a means of recalibrating hierarchies of knowledge—and can contribute to the dual projects of decolonization and deimperialization.

The international tax system is in dire need of reform. It allows multinational companies to shift profits to low tax jurisdictions and thus reduce their global effective tax rates. A major international project, launched in 2013, aimed to fix the system, but failed to seriously analyse the fundamental aims and rationales for the taxation of multinationals' profit, and in particular where profit should be taxed. As this project nears its completion, it is becomingincreasingly clear that the fundamental structural weaknesses in the system will remain. This book, produced by a group of economists and lawyers, adopts a different approach and starts from first principles in order to generate an international tax system fit for the 21st century. This approach examines fundamental issues of principle and practice in the taxation of business profit and the allocation of taxing rights over such profit amongst countries, paying attention to the interests and circumstances of advanced and developing countries. Once this conceptual framework is developed, the book evaluates the existing system and potential reform options against it. A number of reform options are considered, ranging from those requiring marginal change to radically different systems. Some options have been discussed widely. Others, particularly Residual Profit Split systems and a Destination Based Cash-Flow Tax, are more innovative and have been developed at some length and in depth for the first time in this book. Their common feature is that they assign taxing rights partly/fully to the location of relatively immobile factors: shareholders or consumers.

This work brings prime concepts together that define the world we now live in - virtuality and globalization - to explain the nature of digital political economy. Its central focus is the interconnected exploration of the theoretically rich fields of virtuality and globalization studies to produce a unique and accessible synthesis across them, drawing on concrete examples from around the world and statistics throughout, to illustrate how key changes are currently taking place. Youngs argues it is only through a thorough understanding of virtuality and globalization that current and future political economy can be fully understood. Political, economic, cultural and technical processes that are part of both phenomena are now integral to state/market linkages and structures of production and consumption. While growing mobility and cross-border communication has historically been a factor of geospatial realities, virtual connections have taken these possibilities into a whole new realm, and, it can be argued, added to liberal ideologies of free flow and exchange (political, economic and cultural). Key issues addressed include the mediated nature of finance and knowledge thanks to ICTs and the virtual interconnections, spaces and relations they are enabling. Youngs takes up questions of time and speed, mobility and boundary-crossing, as influential in our interpretation of finance and knowledge, drawing on the case of the on-going credit crunch. The book provides a new context for thinking about the range of ICTs (through computing, communication and mobile devices) as integrated parts of the changing world we now live in and, importantly, the symbolic as well as material environments that shape it.

Today’s most urgent problems are fundamentally global. They require nothing less than concerted, planetwide action if we are to secure a long-term future. But humanity’s story has always been on a global scale. In this book, Jeffrey D. Sachs, renowned economist and expert on sustainable development, turns to world history to shed light on how we can meet the challenges and opportunities of the twenty-first century. Sachs takes readers through a series of seven distinct waves of technological and institutional change, starting with the original settling of the planet by early modern humans through long-distance migration and ending with reflections on today’s globalization. Along the way, he considers how the interplay of geography, technology, and institutions influenced the Neolithic revolution; the role of the horse in the emergence of empires; the spread of large land-based empires in the classical age; the rise of global empires after the opening of sea routes from Europe to Asia and the Americas; and the industrial age. The dynamics of these past waves, Sachs demonstrates, offer fresh perspective on the ongoing processes taking place in our own time—a globalization based on digital technologies. Sachs emphasizes the need for new methods of international governance and cooperation to prevent conflicts and to achieve economic, social, and environmental objectives aligned with sustainable development. The Ages of Globalization is a vital book for all readers aiming to make sense of our rapidly changing world.

First published in 2000. Virtual States challenge the idea that the nation state is dead. In all the hype about the Internet, little thought has been given to the systematic inequalities being brought about by globalisation, and exacerbated by the global spread of the Internet. Jerry Everard argues that new disparities are emerging between the information 'haves' ad the information 'have-nots': between wealthy and poor states; and between the wealthy and poor in wealthy states. Virtual States systematically addresses these inequalities.

This book comes at a time when virtual organizations (VO), are proliferating exponentially due to the twin catalysts of globalization and technological enablement. It provides conceptual frameworks and simple tools for identifying and addressing the complexities of managing geographically dispersed, virtually linked organizations, which may have grown organically or inorganically into a potpourri of multiple cultures, capabilities and practices. These can help to scientifically assess the impact of virtualization, balance the physical with the virtual and manage risks using early indicators. The book provides mechanisms to recognize, localize, measure and address vulnerabilities. Ensuring knowledge transfer effectiveness (KTE) is vital in VOs. A diagnostic tool has been evolved to measure KTE, isolate problems and weak links and plan effective interventions. A set of critical factors to increase the probability of success of globalization strategies have been identified. This book interleaves theory with practice and provides insights drawn from conversations with business leaders, exploratory surveys, and in-depth research using a large sample. The solid methodological underpinnings serve as a useful template for researchers, while the models can be contextualized to suit any organization. Foreword by Mr. Ajit Balakrishnan, Chairman and CEO, Rediff.com; Chairman, Board of Governors, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta.