Understanding The Paleoecology And Evolution Of Cetaceans In The Eastern North Pacific Ocean During The Neogene

Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) have fascinated and bewildered humans throughout history. Their mammalian affinities have been long recognized, but exactly which group of terrestrial mammals they descend from has, until recently, remained in the dark. Recent decades have produced a flurry of new fossil cetaceans, extending their fossil history to over 50 million years ago. Along with new insights from genetics and developmental studies, these discoveries have helped to clarify the place of cetaceans among mammals, and enriched our understanding of their unique adaptations for feeding, locomotion and sensory systems. Their continuously improving fossil record and successive transformation into highly specialized marine mammals have made cetaceans a textbook case of evolution - as iconic in its own way as the origin of birds from dinosaurs. This book aims to summarize our current understanding of cetacean evolution for the serious student and interested amateur using photographs, drawings, charts and illustrations.

Research in whale origins is now in an explosive phase, with a cascade of discoveries adding to our understanding of the evolutionary pattern and a suite of new techniques being applied to address new questions. The objective of this volume is to provide a snapshot of this explosion. The volume paints the scene with a broad brush. Taken together the chapters clearly indicate that cetacean origins is a field that is dynamic, multidisciplinary, and that the end of the explosive phase is not in sight.

Cetaceans are one of the most unknown groups in the animal kingdom. Their study is very difficult due to their scarcity, their flighty behavior, and their enormous displacements. In addition, some species feed in very deep waters and only emerge to breathe, or they live in hard to reach areas. However, few animals create so much wonder. What child or adult has not felt emotions when contemplating the spectacles of the killer whales, the pirouettes of the dolphins, or the immensity of the whales in the middle of the sea? Some of the authors of this book have been so moved to be surrounded by a group of fin whales that could not contain their tears. It is a difficult sensation to explain. One could try to summarize it by saying that these immense animals exhale peace. Seeing dolphins making capers around a boat or a group of fin whales suddenly emerging a few meters away is one of the greatest shows we can see in nature. In the presence of these animals, there is only a feeling of recollection. These are the moments when we see how small we humans are in this wonderful biosphere. Therefore, this book is a small tribute to these beautiful living beings. Something we owe them. We have to protect these animals, but we cannot do so without knowing them. In this text, the authors provide key information to understand the evolution of cetaceans, their patterns of movement and behavior, always under a conservation perspective.This book has been written by 15 leading specialists from three different countries and with different backgrounds ranging from biology to veterinary science. They are united by a common interest, a passion. The book does not focus on a single species, but covers studies with dolphins, sperm whales, and fin whales, as well as various methodological approaches that provide key data to understand the evolution of up to 50 different species. Many diverse aspects have been covered and, above all, new methodological approaches have been provided in areas such as acoustics, the study of spatial and feeding behavior, evolution, social interactions, and even blue economics. As if this were not enough, the authors wish to highlight the immense amount of data that has been used. The first chapter on fin whales is based on hundreds of sightings over several years, and dozens of satellite images on various environmental parameters. Chapter two covers hundreds of recordings of the sounds of humpback whales around the world. Chapter three has followed the sperm whale populations of the Strait of Gibraltar over several years with hundreds of sightings. Chapters four and five study the evolution of more than fifty species through hundreds of recordings using qualitative and quantitative approaches, respectively. The sixth chapter compares the behavior of two species of dolphins. Finally, chapter seven designs a new line of study for these animals: the blue economy.

>The rich fossil record of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains of the United States is a gold mine for interested scientists. The last thirty million years of Earth history are superbly chronicled by a succession of fossil assemblages extending from the St. Lawrence River to Florida. Marine scientists, paleontologists, and systematic biologists al

In this book, the editors present a view of the socioecology of primates and cetaceans in a comparative perspective to elucidate the social evolution of highly intellectual mammals in terrestrial and aquatic environments. Despite obvious differences in morphology and eco-physiology, there are many cases of comparable, sometimes strikingly similar patterns of sociobehavioral complexity. A number of long-term field studies have accumulated a substantial amount of data on the life history of various taxa, foraging ecology, social and sexual relationships, demography, and various patterns of behavior: from dynamic fission–fusion to long-term stable societies; from male-bonded to bisexually bonded to matrilineal groups. Primatologists and cetologists have come together to provide four evolutionary themes: (1) social complexity and behavioral plasticity, (2) life history strategies and social evolution, (3) the interface between behavior, demography, and conservation, and (4) selected topics in comparative behavior. These comparisons of taxa that are evolutionarily distant but live in comparable complex sociocognitive environments boost our appreciation of their sophisticated mammalian societies and can advance our understanding of the ecological factors that have shaped their social evolution. This knowledge also facilitates a better understanding of the day-to-day challenges these animals face in the human-dominated world and may improve the capacity and effectiveness of our conservation efforts.