Tsuen Wan New Town

Perhaps no other part of post-war Hong Kong experienced the trauma of rapid urbanization and industrialization as intensely as did Tsuen Wan. The district (including Kwai Chung, Tsing Yi, Ma Wan, and north-east Lantau) was once known for its sweet pineapples and fiercely independent villagers. The arrival of floods of refugees from China converted it into a loose hotchpotch of people and a polluted and overcrowded centre for Hong Kong's burgeoning textile industry and expanding port. Tsuen Wan: Growth of a 'New Town' and Its People is the story of this metamorphosis. Formerly Tsuen Wan's Town Manager and District Officer, James Hayes offers a first-hand glimpse inside government and its relations with local residents at a time when Tsuen Wan was a guinea-pig for some of the administration's first efforts at relocating masses of people and implementing large-scale urban development, town planning, and more representative district-level government. He writes with wit and insight of the local people whose traditional ways of life have been irrevocably altered by post-war growth.

This dissertation, "Tsuen Wan Town: a Study of a New Town in Hong Kong." by Wai-tung, Leung, 梁煒彤, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b3120339 Subjects: Cities and towns - China - Hong Kong - Case studies Urbanization - China - Hong Kong - Tsuen Wan

This study of Hong Kong's new towns covers the historical and conceptual origins of new towns and satellite towns worldwide, as well as development procedures and controls, aspects of design, design problems, and the role of government and the private sector in catering to the public need. Hong Kong's physical size and rapid population growth provide unique material for this volume, which will prove useful to town planners and students in the field of community planning.

New towns—large, comprehensively planned developments on newly urbanized land—boast a mix of spaces that, in their ideal form, provide opportunities for all of the activities of daily life. From garden cities to science cities, new capitals to large military facilities, hundreds were built in the twentieth century and their approaches to planning and development were influential far beyond the new towns themselves. Although new towns are notoriously difficult to execute and their popularity has waxed and waned, major new town initiatives are increasing around the globe, notably in East Asia, South Asia, and Africa. New Towns for the Twenty-First Century considers the ideals behind new-town development, the practice of building them, and their outcomes. A roster of international and interdisciplinary contributors examines their design, planning, finances, management, governance, quality of life, and sustainability. Case studies provide histories of new towns in the United States, Asia, Africa, and Europe and impart lessons learned from practitioners. The volume identifies opportunities afforded by new towns for confronting future challenges related to climate change, urban population growth, affordable housing, economic development, and quality of life. Featuring inventories of classic new towns, twentieth-century new towns with populations over 30,000, and twenty-first-century new towns, the volume is a valuable resource for governments, policy makers, and real estate developers as well as planners, designers, and educators. Contributors: Sandy Apgar, Sai Balakrishnan, JaapJan Berg, Paul Buckhurst, Felipe Correa, Carl Duke, Reid Ewing, Ann Forsyth, Robert Freestone, Shikyo Fu, Pascaline Gaborit, Elie Gamburg, Alexander Garvin, David R. Godschalk, Tony Green, ChengHe Guan, Rachel Keeton, Steven Kellenberg, Kyung-Min Kim, Gene Kohn, Todd Mansfield, Robert W. Marans, Robert Nelson, Pike Oliver, Richard Peiser, Michelle Provoost, Peter G. Rowe, Jongpil Ryu, Andrew Stokols, Adam Tanaka, Jamie von Klemperer, Fulong Wu, Ying Xu, Anthony Gar-On Yeh, Chaobin Zhou.

This dissertation, "Redevelopment of a New Town: Case Study of Tsuen Wan Town Centre" by Shu-tsook, Kitty, Lam, 林樹竹, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4257412 Subjects: New towns - China - Hong Kong City planning - China - Hong Kong - Case studies Town planning - Tsuen Wan

Hong Kong is the twenty-first-century paradigmatic capital of consumerism. Of all places, it has the densest and tallest concentration of malls, reaching tens of stories. Hong Kong’s malls are also the most visited, sandwiched between subways and skyscrapers. These mall complexes have become cities in and of themselves, accommodating tens of thousands of people who live, work, and play within a single structure. Mall City features Hong Kong as a unique rendering of an advanced consumer society. Retail space has come a long way since the nineteenth-century covered passages of Paris, which once awed the bourgeoisie with glass roofs and gaslights. It has morphed from the arcade to the department store, and from the mall into the “mall city”—where “expresscalators” crisscross mesmerizing atriums. Highlighting the effects of this development in Hong Kong, this book raises questions about architecture, city planning, culture, and urban life.

Drawing on almost fifty years of research and first-hand experience, Elizabeth Lominska Johnson and Graham E. Johnson have produced a masterpiece of ethnography, a fine-grained study of the transformation of a rural district into a chaotic industrial—and now post-industrial—city. Their work has implications far beyond its specific location; scholars of history, anthropology and sociology, urban planning, ethnomusicology, women’s studies, political science, ethnic relations, and China studies in general will all find it meaningful. Tsuen Wan was incorporated into colonial Hong Kong in 1898. The original inhabitants were Hakka who were guaranteed land rights, which were central to later developments. After the Japanese war, the town was overwhelmed by vast numbers of immigrants—fleeing civil war and revolution—seeking employment in rapidly developing industries. The newcomers were welcomed as tenants, but in the absence of firm planning guidelines, their number far exceeded the town’s capacity to house and accommodate them. The original inhabitants were firmly rooted in villages and elaborate kinship organizations; the immigrants similarly relied on voluntary associations to help them face the many challenges that change brought into their lives. Over time, the government became more interventionist and developed Tsuen Wan as the first planned new town in Hong Kong’s New Territories. In recent years, the culture of the original inhabitants has been diluted and differences among immigrants have diminished as all have assumed a general Hong Kong identity. ‘I have no doubt that this is an important book. It covers a large number of topics that will intrigue sociologists, anthropologists, political scientists, and historians who work on developing societies. The book can be easily mined for data and comparative ethnography on a wide range of subjects from family organization to styles of leadership. For scholars focusing on Chinese society, this is a must-read.’ —James Watson, Harvard University ‘The authors show us the dynamic interactions between tradition and modernity in Tsuen Wan’s everyday life during the time when the “New Town” was undergoing rapid industrialization. They give us a comprehensive account of the social development of the villages in the area, taking us on a historical tour filled with surprises and excitement.’ —Sidney Cheung, The Chinese University of Hong Kong