Thermodynamics Of Incompressible And Compressible Fluid Flow

The fluid flow treated in this section is isothermal, subsonic, and incompressible. The effects of heat addition, work on the fluid, variation in sonic velocity, and changes in elevation are neglected. An incompressible fluid is one in which a change in pressure causes no resulting change in fluid density. The assumption that liquids are incompressible introduces no appreciable error in calculations, but the assumption that a gas is incompressible introduces an error of a magnitude that is dependent on the fluid velocity and on the loss coefficient of the particular duct section or piece of equipment. Fig. 1A-1 shows the error in pressure drop resulting from assuming that air is incompressible.With reasonably small loss coefficients and the accuracy that is usually required in most calculations, compressible fluids may be treated as incompressible for velocities less than Mach 0.2. At higher velocities and for large loss coefficients (Kt and 4fL/D), compressible flow analysis should be used.

Explore fluid dynamics from both a theoretical and empirical perspective The engineering science of fluid dynamics is ever changing, with the very foundations of the field based on both theory and ongoing experimentation. The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow thoroughly addresses all topics germane to the study of fluid dynamics. The book also further explores the mechanisms by which progress in the field has been driven by applying theoretical analysis to the design of new experiments and by interpreting experimental results within the framework of existing theoretical knowledge.

This reference develops the fundamental concepts of compressible fluid flow by clearly illustrating their applications in real-world practice through the use of numerous worked-out examples and problems. The book covers concepts of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics which relate directly to compressible flow; discusses isentropic flow through a variable-area duct; describes normal shock waves, including moving shock waves and shock-tube analysis; explores the effects of friction and heat interaction on the flow of a compressible fluid; covers two-dimensional shock and expansion waves; provides a treatment of linearized flow; discusses unsteady wave propagation and computational methods in fluid dynamics; provides several numerical methods for solving linear and nonlinear equations encountered in compressible flow; offers modern computational methods for solving nonintegrable equations; and describes methods of measurement in high-speed flow. Suitable for the practicing engineer engaged in compressible-flow applications.

Many interesting problems in mathematical fluid dynamics involve the behavior of solutions of nonlinear systems of partial differential equations as certain parameters vanish or become infinite. Frequently the limiting solution, provided the limit exists, satisfies a qualitatively different system of differential equations. This book is designed as an introduction to the problems involving singular limits based on the concept of weak or variational solutions. The primitive system consists of a complete system of partial differential equations describing the time evolution of the three basic state variables: the density, the velocity, and the absolute temperature associated to a fluid, which is supposed to be compressible, viscous, and heat conducting. It can be represented by the Navier-Stokes-Fourier-system that combines Newton's rheological law for the viscous stress and Fourier's law of heat conduction for the internal energy flux. As a summary, this book studies singular limits of weak solutions to the system governing the flow of thermally conducting compressible viscous fluids.

One-Dimensional Compressible Flow explores the physical behavior of one-dimensional compressible flow. Various types of flow in one dimension are considered, including isentropic flow, flow through a convergent or a convergent-divergent duct with varying back pressure, flow with friction or heat transfer, and unsteady flow. This text consists of five chapters and begins with an overview of the main concepts from thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, with particular emphasis on the basic conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy that are derived for time-dependent flow through a control volume. The chapters that follow provide a basis for understanding steady flow with area change, friction, or heat transfer. A method for solving unsteady flow problems is described in the final chapter, which also discusses the propagation of small disturbances and unsteady flow with finite changes in fluid properties. This book will be useful to senior students pursuing a degree course in mechanical engineering and to engineers in industry.

A pioneer in the fields of statistics and probability theory, Richard von Mises (1883–1953) made notable advances in boundary-layer-flow theory and airfoil design. This text on compressible flow, unfinished upon his sudden death, was subsequently completed in accordance with his plans, and von Mises' first three chapters were augmented with a survey of the theory of steady plane flow. Suitable as a text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students — as well as a reference for professionals — Mathematical Theory of Compressible Fluid Flow examines the fundamentals of high-speed flows, with detailed considerations of general theorems, conservation equations, waves, shocks, and nonisentropic flows. In this, the final work of his distinguished career, von Mises summarizes his extensive knowledge of a central branch of fluid mechanics. Characteristically, he pays particular attention to the basics, both conceptual and mathematical. The novel concept of a specifying equation clarifies the role of thermodynamics in the mechanics of compressible fluids. The general theory of characteristics receives a remarkably complete and simple treatment, with detailed applications, and the theory of shocks as asymptotic phenomena appears within the context of rational mechanics.

Introduction to Compressible Fluid Flow, Second Edition offers extensive coverage of the physical phenomena experienced in compressible flow. Updated and revised, the second edition provides a thorough explanation of the assumptions used in the analysis of compressible flows. It develops in students an understanding of what causes compressible flow