The Triple Mirror Of The Self

A novel by the author of "A New History of Torments", "The Fiction of Reality" and "Figures of Enchantment". It features the character Urim who wanders the world, and yet in finding the end of his journey, he sees the mirror image of its beginning.

In 1963, Zulfikar Ghose received a special award from the E. C. Gregory Trust that was judged by T. S. Eliot, Henry Moore, Herbert Read and Bonamy Dobrée. A year earlier, in an issue devoted to the newly emerging Commonwealth literature, the Times Literary Supplement featured Zulfikar Ghose as the most prominent poet from the former British colonies by conspicuously printing three of his poems spread across half a page. By the time he was featured in The Review of Contemporary Fiction, Ghose had been accorded major status as a writer of international repute: the editors of The Review of Contemporary Fiction noted that “Zulfikar Ghose has both ranked with and outranked several of the best English language writers in England and America,” and went on to present him as “a unique figure in contemporary literature,” whose “evolution across languages and national boundaries” was comparable to Conrad, Nabokov and Beckett. In spite of receiving such notable attention, Ghose has remained a marginal presence and, in fact, an “untouchable,” among writers accorded a world-class status. Of the several reasons suggested for Ghose’s marginalization by scholars of world literature and post-colonial studies, the most significant one is that his oeuvre resists categorisation. For Ghose, to use Proust’s phrases, “Quality of language and the beauty of an image are the heart of great writing.” Ghose’s work is full of meditative reverberations and has a fastidious style that scintillates the reader’s mind with its brilliance. His genius lies in the construction of a language that is lyrical and full of vivid imagery. He captures the images of his native Punjab as well as the South American landscape, and imbues the air with the fragrance of Amazon rainforest while his prose sends a shiver between the “shoulder blades.” In his experimentation with form, he “make[s] it new,” to use Pound’s phrase. His literary journey from the imitation of nineteenth-century realism to his most experimental and ambitious works like Hulme’s Investigations into the Bogart Script and The Triple Mirror of the Self reflects his wide range of experimentation with form and style. This book investigates the structural patterns in the novels of Zulfikar Ghose that give each of his works its peculiar aesthetic design. While on the one hand, this work notes his role as a pioneer among South Asian writers of the post-colonial era, on the other hand, his novels are examined in the critical framework erected by the writer himself with its emphasis on style: that is the central concern of this study.

This book places transcultural memory in the South Asian cultural and literary context. Divided into two parts, the book first defines transcultural memory in the age of globalised modernity both as a theory and social practice. Then it examines contemporary Indo-English novels from India and Pakistan with the theoretical and methodological tool of transcultural memory to shed new light on the connection between memory and modernity, and memory and South Asian cultures in the wake of new social and political transformations on the Indian subcontinent. A special focus on commemorative tropes in the novels not only show the possibility of a dialogue with different versions of the past, but also how such a dialogue shapes processes of remembrance between and beyond borders. Hence, the books comes up with alternative ways of reading the Indo-English novels, divesting the concept of (trans)cultural memory from its Euro- centrism and claiming it as equally significant in comprehending the new configurations of memory and modernity in non-Western locations.

What is most strikingly new about the transcultural is its sudden ubiquity. Following in the wake of previous concepts in cultural and literary studies such as creolization, hybridity, and syncretism, and signalling a family relationship to terms such as transnationality, translocality, and transmigration, 'transcultural' terminology has unobtrusively but powerfully edged its way into contemporary theoretical and critical discourse. The four sections of this volume denote major areas where 'transcultural' questions and problematics have come to the fore: theories of culture and literature that have sought to account for the complexity of culture in a world increasingly characterized by globalization, transnationalization, and interdependence; realities of individual and collective life-worlds shaped by the ubiquity of phenomena and experiences relating to transnational connections and the blurring of cultural boundaries; fictions in literature and other media that explore these realities, negotiate the fuzzy edges of 'ethnic' or 'national' cultures, and participate in the creation of transnational public spheres as well as transcultural imaginations and memories; and, finally, pedagogy and didactics, where earlier models of teaching 'other' cultures are faced with the challenge of coming to terms with cultural complexity both in what is being taught and in the people it is taught to, and where 'target cultures' have become elusive. The idea of 'locating' culture and literature exclusively in the context of ethnicities or nations is rapidly losing plausibility throughout an 'English-speaking world' that has long since been multi- rather than monolingual. Exploring the prospects and contours of 'Transcultural English Studies' thus reflects a set of common challenges and predicaments that in recent years have increasingly moved centre stage not only in the New Literatures in English, but also in British and American studies.

People in the ancient world thought of vision as both an ethical tool and a tactile sense, akin to touch. Gazing upon someone—or oneself—was treated as a path to philosophical self-knowledge, but the question of tactility introduced an erotic element as well. In The Mirror of the Self, Shadi Bartsch asserts that these links among vision, sexuality, and self-knowledge are key to the classical understanding of the self. Weaving together literary theory, philosophy, and social history, Bartsch traces this complex notion of self from Plato’s Greece to Seneca’s Rome. She starts by showing how ancient authors envisioned the mirror as both a tool for ethical self-improvement and, paradoxically, a sign of erotic self-indulgence. Her reading of the Phaedrus, for example, demonstrates that the mirroring gaze in Plato, because of its sexual possibilities, could not be adopted by Roman philosophers and their students. Bartsch goes on to examine the Roman treatment of the ethical and sexual gaze, and she traces how self-knowledge, the philosopher’s body, and the performance of virtue all played a role in shaping the Roman understanding of the nature of selfhood. Culminating in a profoundly original reading of Medea, The Mirror of the Self illustrates how Seneca, in his Stoic quest for self-knowledge, embodies the Roman view, marking a new point in human thought about self-perception. Bartsch leads readers on a journey that unveils divided selves, moral hypocrisy, and lustful Stoics—and offers fresh insights about seminal works. At once sexy and philosophical, The Mirror of the Self will be required reading for classicists, philosophers, and anthropologists alike.

As Xie leads us through these works, we find Godwin's evolving heroines emerging out of lively, intense, sometimes painful dialogue with both the self - past, present, and future - and the social world of family, birthplace, culture, and friendships.

Intended To Serve The Academic Needs Of The Students Of English Literature, The Companion Is An Ultimate Literary Reference Source, Providing An Up-To-Date, Comprehensive And Authoritative Biographies Of Novelists, Poets, Playwrights, Essayists, Journalists And Critics Ranging From Literary Giants Of The Past To Contemporary Writers Like Peter Burnes (1931-2004), Anthony Powell (1905-2000), Patrick O Brian (1914-2000), Iris Murdoch (1919-1999), Grace Nicholas (1950- ) And Douglas Adams (1952-2001). Over The Last Few Decades English Literary Canon Has Become Relatively More Extensive And Diverse. In Recognition Of The Significance Of The New Literatures In English, Special Emphasis Has Been Given On The Writers Of These Literatures. In Addition, The Indian Writers Writing In English Have Been Given A Prominent Place In The Book, Thereby Making It Particularly Useful For The Students Of Indian English Literature. The Companion Is Unique Of Its Kind As It Gives A Broad Outline Of The Story And Not Merely A Brief Account Of The Plot Structure Of A Literary Work So As To Enable The Students To Have A Fairly Good Idea Of The Story. Likewise, Before Getting Down To The Writings Of An Author, The Companion Provides An Invaluable And Authoritative Biographical Note Believing That An Author S Biography Facilitates Proper Understanding Of His/Her Contributions.On Account Of Its Clear And Reliable Plot Summaries And Descriptive Entries Of Major Works And Literary Journals And Authentic Biographical Details, The Companion Is A Work Of Permanent Value. It Is Undoubtedly An Indispensable And Path-Breaking Handy Reference Guide For All Those Interested In Literatures In English Produced In The United Kingdom, The United States, Canada, Australia, Africa, The Caribbean, India And Other Countries.

This illustrated and fully updated Third Edition of The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English is the most authoritative and international survey of world literature in English available. The Guide covers everything from Old English to contemporary writing from all over the English-speaking world. There are entries on writers from Britain and Ireland, the USA, Canada, India, Africa, South Africa, New Zealand, the South Pacific and Australia, as well as on many important poems, novels, literary journals and plays. This new edition has been brought completely up to date with more than 280 new author entries, most of them for living authors. The general reader will find it fascinating to browse and to discover many new writers and works, while students will find it an invaluable resource for daily use. This is a unique work of reference for the twenty-first century that no reader or library should be without.

Sheds new light on the long history of self-portraiture with fresh interpretations of famous examples and new works, ideas, and anecdotes This broad cultural history of self-portraiture brilliantly maps the history of the genre, from the earliest myths of Narcissus and the Christian tradition of “bearing witness” to the prolific self-image-making of today’s contemporary artists. Focusing on a perennially popular subject, the book tells the vivid history of works that offer insights into artists’ personal, psychological, and creative worlds. Topics include the importance of the medieval mirror craze in early self-portraiture; the confessional self-portraits of Titian and Michelangelo; the mystique of the artist’s studio, from Vermeer to Velázquez; the role of biography and geography for serial self-portraitists such as Courbet and Van Gogh; the multiple selves of modern and contemporary artists such as Cahun and Sherman; and recent developments in the era of globalization. Comprehensive and beautifully illustrated, the book features the work of a wide range of artists including Beckmann, Caravaggio, Dürer, Gentileschi, Ghiberti, Giotto, Goya, Kahlo, Kauffman, Magritte, Mantegna, Picasso, Poussin, Raphael, Rembrandt and Van Eyck. The full range of the subject is explored, including comic and caricature self-portraits, “invented” or imaginary self-portraits, and important collections of self-portraiture such as that of the Medici.