The Thermohaline Circulation In Semi Enclosed Marginal Seas

The principles governing the buoyancy-forced circulation within marginal seas, and their exchange with the open ocean, are addressed using a series of idealized numerical models and theory. It is found that small scale mixing of density and momentum near the boundaries plays a central role in the net down-welling within the marginal sea and, at times, in the basin-scale stratification. Bottom topography is also found to be very important for both the circulation within the marginal sea and the exchange of mass and heat with the open ocean. Distinct dynamical regimes are found for open and closed topographic contours. The interaction of mean and low-frequency motions with a porous western boundary at both mid-latitudes and near the equator are also addressed.

The atmosphere and the ocean -- Ocean currents -- The North Atlantic gyre : observations and theories -- Other major current systems -- Global fluxes and the deep circulation.

This book presents a global hydrographic description of the thermohaline circulation, an introduction to the theoretical aspects of this phenomenon, and observational evidence for the theory. The hydrographic description and the observational evidence are based on data sources available via internet, mainly from the World Oceanographic Experiment (WOCE). The book also offers an introduction to hydrographic analysis and interpretation.

This volume comprises the final report of the research project entitled the Dynamics of the Deep Ocean Circulation. The layered structure of the subsurface circulation, which had been predicted in the hypothetical model proposed prior to the research, is verified through Eulerian and Lagrangian measurements of current. By the use of the numerical model, the deep circulation of the Philippine Sea, which has been long supposed to be isolated from the North Pacific, is revealed to be derived in close association with that of the latter ocean. Behavior of the deep current around the equator is also clarified by numerical modeling. By the extensive use of sediment trapping technology, it becomes clear that sinking sediments play an important role in the distribution of chemical substances in the deep ocean. Graduate students in the field of oceanography will find this a good textbook.

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions—particularly from fossil fuel-powered vehicles and airplanes by means of weight savings and leaner fuel consumption, helps to restrain environmental impacts. In general, for a variety of industries, and specifically in the case of transport, where both weight savings and increased energy efficiency are pursued, the use of metal–polymer multi-material structures has been growing at an increasing and particularly fast pace in recent years. Several manufacturing techniques have been, or are being, developed, with the aim of being used for producing dissimilar materials in cost-efficient manners. This book presents recent developments in the state of the art of advanced additive manufacturing and the joining of metal–polymer multi-material structures in transportation. This publication mainly focuses on the correlations between microstructure, manufacturing process (i.e., AddJoining, adhesive bonding, friction riveting, friction-based staking and friction spot joining) properties, and the mechanical performance of metal–polymer multi-material structures.

This book discusses temporal changes in six Asia-Pacific marginal seas and two west boundary currents in the Northwest Pacific. Covering time scales varying from years to decades, it provides a comprehensive review of the long-term changes in various physical variables, including sea level, sea surface temperature, water mass index, current and transport, as well as local issues such as sea ice and tidal mixing, and the processes and dynamics that govern them. The book also examines biogeochemical variables, such as nutrients, oxygen, pH, water transparency, ocean acidification, eutrophication and productivity, and explores future trends. Offering a holistic view of the changes that have occurred in the Asia-Pacific marginal seas and those that are likely to occur in the future, this book will appeal to readers from all fields of oceanography.

This text integrates a wide range of research and tidal resource theory and data to present a detailed analysis of the physics and oceanography of tidal stream power devices together with a world wide resource analysis. Clearly structured throughout the book is divided into two distinct parts. Part One provides the theoretical background to the subject and deals with the historical development of the harmonic method for the synthesis of tidal currents; the principles of fluid and tidal flow and the principles of device ducts, turbines and electrical systems. A review and analysis of more than forty tidal stream power proposals is also discussed. Part Two provides a comprehensive overview of current practice. The economic modelling of tidal stream power installations is covered with more than three hundred current meter records from around the world used to analyse the potential and cost of tidal stream power on a global basis. Hallmark Features: reviews the tidal resources around the world complete analysis of tidal stream power systems includes historical information on tidal science and biographical information on major figures concentrates on engineering physical geography rather than engineering specifics includes a website with a wide range of computer models, data and simulations

It provides a concise introduction to the dynamics and thermodynamics of oceanic general circulation.

This book reviews the research in various fields of oceanography on the responses of the East Japan Sea to climate change. The uniqueness of the East Japan Sea comes from the rapid and amplified response to climate change, which includes long-terms trends of physical and chemical parameters at a rate that almost doubles or even higher the global rate. This book aims to provide in an organized way the results from the previously published knowledge but also to introduce an updated view of the research recently carried out. The book is divided into several parts that comprise the physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects of the region and fisheries. This book is made for researchers and students working on climate variability as well as for the oceanography community working on world’s marginal seas. The research presented in this work will also benefit to researchers from other fields such as social scientists and environmentalists, and also policy makers.