The Sun And Its Atmosphere

This book presents a pedagogical, updated and modern view of the Sun from its interior to its exterior as well as the Sun?Earth system. Written by eminent scientists in solar physics, the chapters deal with recent advances in solar physics, seismic Sun, solar magnetic field, waves and oscillations, spectroscopic diagnostics of solar plasmas, partially ionized lower atmosphere, coronal heating, coronal mass ejections, radio Sun, solar wind, and the Sun?Earth system. Each chapter is fully illustrated and has a comprehensive reference list. The book covers all major topics in solar physics, and presents a rich menu to motivate graduate students who wish to pursue a solar physics research career.

" ... Concise explanations and descriptions - easily read and readily understood - of what we know of the chain of events and processes that connect the Sun to the Earth, with special emphasis on space weather and Sun-Climate."--Dear Reader.

The Earth's climate system depends entirely on the Sun for its energy. Solar radiation warms the atmosphere and is fundamental to atmospheric composition, while the distribution of solar heating across the planet produces global wind patterns and contributes to the formation of clouds, storms, and rainfall. The Sun’s Influence on Climate provides an unparalleled introduction to this vitally important relationship. This accessible primer covers the basic properties of the Earth’s climate system, the structure and behavior of the Sun, and the absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere. It explains how solar activity varies and how these variations affect the Earth’s environment, from long-term paleoclimate effects to century timescales in the context of human-induced climate change, and from signals of the 11-year sunspot cycle to the impacts of solar emissions on space weather in our planet’s upper atmosphere. Written by two of the leading authorities on the subject, The Sun’s Influence on Climate is an essential primer for students and nonspecialists alike.

In this classic work of astronomy, Charles Augustus Young presents a detailed study of the sun and its surrounding phenomena. From sunspots to solar flares, Young provides readers with a comprehensive understanding of the complex processes that shape our closest star. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the science of astronomy. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This book presents a pedagogical, updated and modern view of the Sun from its interior to its exterior as well as the Sun-Earth system. Written by eminent scientists in solar physics, the chapters deal with recent advances in solar physics, seismic Sun, solar magnetic field, waves and oscillations, spectroscopic diagnostics of solar plasmas, partially ionized lower atmosphere, coronal heating, coronal mass ejections, radio Sun, solar wind, and the Sun-Earth system. Each chapter is fully illustrated and has a comprehensive reference list. The book covers all major topics in solar physics, and presents a rich menu to motivate graduate students who wish to pursue a solar physics research career.

The complex internal structure of the Sun can now be studied in detail through helioseismology and neutrino astronomy. The VI Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics was dedicated to examining these powerful new techniques. Based on this meeting, eight specially-written chapters by world-experts are presented in this timely volume. We are shown how the internal composition and dynamical structure of the Sun can be deduced through helioseismology; and how the central temperature can be determined from the flux of solar neutrinos. This volume provides an excellent introduction for graduate students and an up-to-date overview for researchers working on the Sun, neutrino astronomy and helio- and asteroseismology.

Observational data derived from the world's largest solar telescopes are correlated with theoretical discussions in nuclear and atomic physics by contributors representing a wide range of interests in solar research.

An Introduction to Solar Radiation is an introductory text on solar radiation, with emphasis on the methods of calculation for determining the amount of solar radiation incident on a surface on the earth. Topics covered include the astronomical relationship between the sun and the earth; thermal radiation; the solar constant and its spectral distribution; and extraterrestrial solar irradiation. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of the trigonometric relationships between the sun-earth line and the position of an inclined surface, followed by a discussion on the characteristics of blackbody radiation. The next chapter focuses on the solar constant and its spectral distribution, paying particular attention to extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance and the sun's blackbody temperature. Subsequent chapters explore extraterrestrial and radiation incident on inclined planes; the optics of a cloudless-sky atmosphere; solar spectral radiation and total (broadband) radiation under cloudless skies; and solar radiation arriving at horizontal surfaces on the earth through cloudy skies. The ground albedo and its spectral and angular variation are also described, along with insolation on inclined surfaces. The last chapter is devoted to instruments for measuring solar radiation, including pyrheliometers and pyranometers. This monograph will serve as a useful guide for energy analysts, designers of thermal devices, architects and engineers, agronomists, and hydrologists as well as senior graduate students.