The Pikes Peak Region

"John Stokes Holley’s The Invisible People of the Pikes Peak Region: An Afro-American Chronicle, published in 1990, presented the first comprehensive history dedicated to the local African American community. Co-published by the Friends of the Pikes Peak Library District and the Friends of the Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum, the book brought to light a history of accomplishments and struggles often ignored by popular local history books. This reprint presents the original publication in its entirety with an expanded index and new images, as well as new content not available in the original. It is our hope that this reprint will further illuminate the stories of the Invisible People of the Pikes Peak region and enlighten readers with a more complete and representative history of our community." -- Back Cover.

Thousands of years before Zebulon Pike's name became attached to this famous mountain, Pikes Peak was home to indigenous people. These First Nations left no written record of their sojourn here, but what they did leave were stone circles, carefully crafted arrowheads and stone tools, enigmatic petroglyphs, and culturally scarred trees. In the 1500s, Spanish explorers documented their locations, language, and numbers. In the 1800s, mountain men and official explorers such as Pike, Fremont, and Long also wrote about these First Nations. Comanche, Apache, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Kiowa, and Lakota made incursions into the region. These nations contested Ute land possession, harvested the abundant wildlife, and paid homage to the powerful spirits at Garden of the Gods and Manitou Springs. Today Ute Indians return to Garden of the Gods and to Pikes Peak each year to perform their sacred Sundance Ceremony.

By 1900, the scenic beauty of the PikeA[a¬a[s Peak region had become well known, making it a popular destination with visitors from across the nation. This influx of tourism along with the apex of the Cripple Creek mining boom saw El Paso and Teller Counties become a hub of freight and passenger activity. Over the next 30 years and through challenging economic times, the area would be served by 11 different railroads and an interurban line. The Midland Terminal and the Colorado Springs and Cripple Creek District Railways relied heavily on the revenue gleaned from Cripple Creek ore production, but as the output of these mines declined, so too did the coffers of the railroads that supported them. Larger railroads like the Santa Fe and the Colorado & Southern increased their regional presence through joint agreements and the expansion of local facilities. Still other roads had a more local flair, including the Manitou & PikeA[a¬a[s Peak whose unique cog railway introduced A[a¬AAmericaA[a¬a[s MountainA[a¬A to thousands of tourists. Mass transit also came to the region as the Colorado Springs & Interurban Railway became part of a legacy left by millionaire Winfield Scott Stratton to the people of Colorado Springs.