The Performance Of The Tevatron Collider At Fermilab

This paper will describe the actual operating performance of the Tevatron, operating as a collider, and will indicate the planned upgrades which will enhance, the physics results coming from the experiments being performed at Fermilab.

This paper describes a model which has been used to estimate the average luminosity performance of the Tevatron collider. In the model, the average luminosity is related quantitatively to various performance parameters of the Fermilab Tevatron collider complex. The model is useful in allowing estimates to be developed for the improvements in average collider luminosity to be expected from changes in the fundamental performance parameters as a result of upgrades to various parts of the accelerator complex.

The Fermilab Main Ring serves as injector for the Tevatron at 150 GeV/c and as a source of 120 GeV/c protons for antiproton production. This paper discusses the Main Ring performance--intensity, reliability, and efficiency--during the present Collider run. Also discussed are questions related to emittance and emittance growth, both transverse and longitudinal, and the impact of Main Ring losses on the Collider experiments. 4 refs., 3 figs.

Performance and performance limitations of the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at Fermilab will be discussed along with plans for improving the performance by a factor of five by the end of the decade. The centerpiece of this effort is the Fermilab Main Injector, a new 150 GeV synchrotron now under construction. Status of the project will be presented.

This report summarizes the performance of Run 1b as of the end of July 1995. This run is the conclusion of Fermilab Collider Run 1, which consists of Run 1a (May 1992 - May 1993) and Run 1b (January 1994 - February 1996). Run 1b is characterized by being the first with the new 400 MeV Linac. At this time the run is not complete. Colliding beam physics is scheduled to resume after the summer 1995 shut down and continue until mid-February 1996. All of the operation to date is at a Tevatron energy of 900 GeV. This report emphasizes performance numbers and the various improvements made to systems to achieve this performance. It will only discuss the underlying physics to a limited extent. The report is divided into sections on: run statistics, I & C issues, proton source performance, antiproton source performance, main ring performance, Tevatron performance, and a summary.

Using the accelerator data collected during the 1988-1989 collider run, correlations have been established between the proton-antiproton collider luminosity, the antiproton stack intensity and the proton bunch parameters. These correlations are used to determine empirically the value of the proton transverse emittance which maximizes the collider luminosity. Also, the correlations are used to predict the effects of planned improvements in collider subsystem performance in the luminosity. 2 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.

The Run II era at Fermilab began in March 2001. Many changes to the accelerator complex were made to support the Tevatron proton-antiproton collider operation with peak luminosities of 2-4 x 1032 cm−2 s−1 while delivering greater than 5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity before the LHC begins its physics program. This report describes the current status of Run II operations and the machine performances needed to achieve the goals.

During the 1988--1989 run, the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider exceeded the design luminosity goal of 103°/cm2/sec and delivered 9.6 pb/sup /minus/1/ of integrated luminosity at 1800 GeV to the CDF experiment. Based on the operational experience accumulated during this collider run, the performance of the Tevatron collider will be reviewed. This review will treat not only the Tevatron itself, but also the auxiliary accelerator systems necessary for collider operation. The performance and the limitations in each of the accelerator subsystems will be discussed and analyzed. The plans to overcome some of these limitations in the next collider run will also be discussed. Finally, the status of longer-term upgrade proposals for the early 1990's focused on increased luminosity will be presented. 10 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.

The Tevatron Collider is performing beyond expectations for its first physics run. The peak luminosity is already 1.6 times the design goal of 103° cm/sup /minus/2/ s/sup /minus/1/. The anticipated integrated luminosity recorded by the major detector, CDF, is 3 inverse picobarns which should be sufficient to see the top quark if its mass is less than 110 GeV. The next two Collider runs will have improved performance with luminosity approaching 1031 at two interaction regions. In the years between 1993 and 2000, the Collider energy will be increased by using the highest field superconducting magnets then available, where 8.8 T would give 2 TeV on 2 TeV pbar-p collisions with a luminosity above 1031. To facilitate this possibility and to improve the general Collider capabilities, a new 150 GeV Main Injector is now being designed. 3 figs., 2 tabs.

Run II of the Tevatron collider at Fermilab is currently scheduled to end late in 2011. Given the current performance of the collider and of the CDF and D0 detectors, it is estimated that the current data set could be approximately doubled with a run extended into 2014. A few examples are presented of the physics potential of these additional statistics. These are discussed in the context of the expected reach of the LHC 7 TeV data and the existing Tevatron data. In particular, an extraordinary opportunity is described which could probe the existence of a standard model Higgs boson with mass in the currently preferred region between 115 GeV and 150 GeV.