The Essentials In Pressure Monitoring

This book is the first comprehensive overview of the emerging field of cuffless blood pressure monitoring. Increasing clinical evidence proves that longitudinal measurements of blood pressure allow for earlier detection and better management of multiple medical conditions and for superior prediction of cardiovascular events. Unfortunately, today’s clinical and industry standards for blood pressure monitoring still require the inflation of a pneumatic cuff around a limb each time a measurement is taken. Over the last decades clinicians, scientists and device manufacturers have explored the feasibility of technologies that reduce or even completely eliminate the need of cuffs, initiating the era of cuffless blood pressure monitoring. Among the existing literature, this book is intended to be a practical guide to navigate across this emerging field. The chapters of the handbook have been elaborated by experts and key opinion leaders in the domain, and will guide the reader along the clinical, scientific, technical, and regulatory aspects of cuffless blood pressure monitoring.

It is well known that cardiovascular events occur more frequently in the morning as blood pressure (BP) levels have been shown to increase during the period from night to early morning. In recent years, clinical research using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) or home BP monitoring has clarified that morning BP and BP surge are more closely related to the cardiovascular risk than clinical BP. This practical manual from field leading expert, Dr. Kazuomi Kario, reviews recent evidence on morning and nocturnal hypertension and the IT technologies physicians can use to support patients in home monitoring BP. Guidance on management via antihypertensive drugs is also discussed and with the aim of promoting perfect 24 hour BP control.

In addition to standardized casual blood pressure readings, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) - using automatic noninvasive (= indirect) devices for home readings and fully automated monitors for 24-h profiles - have become a widely used necessary tool in clinical research. This book summarizes the state of the art in the whole field of indirect blood pressure monitoring. It is based on two international meetings and on invited papers. We have divided the subject matter into two main areas: 1) Automatic blood pressure devices for discontinuous registration, and 2) Portable, fully automated programmable monitors for continuous monitoring. The availability of all new technologies is described in detail and current technical and physiological problems have been covered in depth. Both topics have been subdivided into a) Methods and Techniques, and b) Clinical Applications. Both parts are updated and have critically evaluated available automatic sphygmomanometers and portable computers equipped with different techni ques (e. g. , auscultation, oscillometry, plethysmography). Reliability in the intensiv Care unit as well as in outpatients management, common clinical problems, clinical relevance compared to casual blood pressure are described in the first part. In the second part, ten years of experience on fully automated noninvasive methodology - compared to intraarterial techniques - have been elaborated by international experts; the possibilities and limitations are clearly demonstrated. Analyses in different clinical fields in the diagnosis of primary and secondary hypertension are given. Different statistical analyses of blood pressure variability and circadian rhythms are discussed.

ESSENTIAL MANUAL OF 24-HOUR BLOOD PRESSURE MANAGEMENT Hypertension is one of the greatest threats to human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension. In 2017, new guidelines for managing hypertension were published by the American Hypertension Association (AHA), guidelines which lowered the diagnosis thresholds of hypertension, and thereby increased the prevalence of hypertension. As such, hypertension is now recognized as a more serious and widespread a condition than ever before. In this new edition of the Essential Manual of 24-Hour Blood Pressure Management, the author emphasizes that lowering the blood pressure (BP) and restoring the BP profile with adequate circadian rhythm is essential for a long life without cardiovascular events. The author also introduces updated evidence for managing hypertension throughout 24-hour periods, from morning to nocturnal hypertension. The Essential Manual of 24-Hour Blood Pressure Management, Second Edition, will be an essential companion for doctors who wish to provide evidence-based medicine and be familiar with the most cutting edge technology on monitoring BP. Medical researchers and students will also value the author’s many insights, drawn from his distinguished career.

Hypertension remains a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Self-monitoring of blood pressure by patients at home is currently recommended as a valuable tool for the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Unfortunately, in clinical practice, home blood pressure monitoring is often inadequately implemented, mostly due to the use of inaccurate devices and inappropriate methodologies. Thus, the potential of the method to improve the management of hypertension and cardiovascular disease prevention has not yet been exhausted. This volume presents the available evidence on home blood pressure monitoring, discusses its strengths and limitations, and presents strategies for its optimal implementation in clinical practice. Written by distinguished international experts, it offers a complete source of information and guide for practitioners and researchers dealing with the management of hypertension.

The availability of new technologies that enable blood pressure to be measured and re corded continuously or repetitively during prolonged observation periods has created ex citing opportunities for studying the physiology of blood pressure regulation and the characteristics of clinical hypertension. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has been based on three types of approach. The first of these has utilized an intra-arterial catheter that allows blood pressure to be meas ured directly and continuously during a full 24-hour period. The second approach is based on non-invasive techniques, and utilizes devices capable of automatically inflating conventional arm cuffs and recording blood pressures at pre-set intervals throughout the day. The third, and most simple method, has depended upon semiautomated techniques that require the subject to inflate a cuff at convenient intervals during the period of obser vation. During the last few years, concerted research into these differing techniques has exposed their strengths and shortcomings. Overall, however, there has been a growing perception that these approaches to the measurement of blood pressure might add con siderably to the information obtained in the doctor's office by the traditional single or casual reading. This book summarizes the state of the art in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.