The Disaster Of European Refugee Policy

This volume addresses the mass arrival of migrants and refugees in Europe in 2015 and 2016, and the crisis of response that unfolded across the continent. The chapters critically discuss this crisis and help the reader to understand why the refugees and migrants fled, what kind of response they faced and what was wrong with the reactions of the states. Despite the fact that all the authors are based in Slovenia, the volume transcends this particular state and covers theoretical and practical aspects of the crisis which are not geographically limited to only one country or region. It addresses a variety of audiences, such as students, researchers, sociologists, political scientists, lawyers, geographers and philosophers, and will appeal to those who seek to understand forced migration and refugee protection, states’ responses to migration and asylum seekers, and the rise of hate speech, racism, xenophobia and authoritarianism in Europe.

This book fills a significant lacuna in our understanding of the refugee crisis by analyzing the dynamics that lie behind fifteen years of asylum policies in the European Union. It sheds light on why cooperation has led to reinforced refugee protection on paper but has failed to provide it in practice. Offering innovative empirical, theoretical and methodological research on this crucial topic, it argues that the different asylum systems and priorities of the various Member States explain the EU's lack of initiative in responding to this humanitarian emergency. The author demonstrates that the strong regulators of North-Western Europe have used their powerful bargaining positions to shape EU asylum policies decisively, which has allowed them to impose their will on Member States in South-Eastern Europe. These latter countries, having barely made a mark on EU policies, are now facing significant difficulties in implementing them. The EU will only identify potential solutions to the crisis, the author concludes, when it takes these disparities into account and establishes a functioning common refugee policy. This novel work will appeal to students and scholars of politics, immigration and asylum in the EU.

Ignorance and Change analyses the European refugee crisis of 2015–2016 from the perspective of ignorance studies showing how the media, decision-makers and academics engaged in the projection and reification of the future in relation to the crisis, the asylum system, and the solutions that were proposed. Why do recent crises fail to bring meaningful change? Why do we often see replication of the regimes of ignorance, inefficient knowledge and expertise practices? This book answers these questions by shifting the focus from the issue of change to our projections and expectations of what change will look like. Building on three comprehensive case studies, Poland, Hungary, and Romania, it demonstrates how ignorance and projectivity were essential for new Member States not only for managing the crisis but also for reaching a higher level of autonomy in relation to the EU. Employing an innovative interactional approach to ignorance, it bridges ignorance studies with sociology of future and migration research. Challenging the dominant interest in defining ignorance, it moves the focus from what ignorance is to what ignorance does. It incorporates the concept of future into ignorance studies and develops notions such as “projective agency,” “reification of the future,” “projection by proxy,” and “projectors of EU asylum policies.” The book provides an erudite background, comprehensive empirical research, and original tools of analysis for graduate students, researchers, and policy makers interested in crisis studies, public policy, ignorance studies, social theory, migration studies, and sociology of the future.

An account of the mobilization of thousands of volunteers who rescued, supported, and welcomed refugees during the recent European refugee crisis. In The New Internationalists, Sue Clayton tells the story of the largest civic mobilization since the Second World War, when volunteers—many young and untrained—took on unimaginable responsibilities and saved thousands of lives. During the European refugee crisis of 2015–2020, they witnessed first hand the catastrophic failure of established NGOs, and the indifference—and frequently, the open hostility—of the EU and national governments. Many faced state hostility themselves. Their accounts show how activist volunteers have shaped today's European humanitarian agenda, and provide a powerful critique of failures of current policy. With The New Internationalists, Clayton offers a contemporary history and critical contextualization of this powerful new force. Mapping key flashpoint locations and curating unique first hand testimonies, she explores how during the crisis, when almost two million people reached Europe by deadly sea-crossings, more than 100,000 citizens came together in new grassroots social formations to rescue, support, and welcome them. She provides a unique and multifaceted account, based on evidence and testimonies, and situates it within current debates on humanitarianism and contemporary social and solidarity movements.

This six-volume book series titled “Refugee Crisis in International Politics” are prepared with the aim of clarifying the above-mentioned issues and enriching the content, context, and depth to the field of science. “States must protect all migrants against violence based on racism and xenophobia, exploitation, and forced labor. Migrants should not be detained without legitimate reasons or forcefully send back to their home country. States must take responsibility for and fulfill these responsibilities meticulously for refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants to be able to rebuild their lives safely against serious dangers. Sharing responsibility for global problems is fair in the 21st century”. İçindekiler PREFACE CHAPTER 1. THE EU REFUGEE POLICIES AND THE STATUS OF REFUGEES – Neriman Hocaoğlu Bahadır CHAPTER 2. THE EUROPEAN UNION MIGRATION POLICY: EVOLUTION THROUGH REFUGEE CRISIS – Sertif Demir CHAPTER 3. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE REFUGEE CRISIS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION – Mesut Şöhret CHAPTER 4. GENDER, MIGRATION, AND SECURITY: THE EU’S RESPONSE TO THE REFUGEE CRISIS – Ayşegül Gökalp Kutlu CHAPTER 5. RE-BORDERING EUROPE?: REFUGEES AND ‘TEMPORARY’ INTERNAL BORDER CONTROLS – Aslı Şirin and Ebru Dalğakıran CHAPTER 6. SECURITIZATION OF REFUGEE PROBLEM WITHIN EUROPEAN UNION – Mesut Şöhret CHAPTER 7. NORMATIVE ELUSIVENESS OF EUROPE IN TERMS OF REFUGEE CRISIS – Sinem Bal CHAPTER 8. REFUGEE POLICIES OF THE BALTIC COUNTRIES – Burulkan Abdibaitova Pala CHAPTER 9. A HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS OF THE BRITISH IMMIGRATION POLICIES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR SETTLEMENT AND INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF TURKISH IMMIGRANTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM – Serkan Baykuşoglu CHAPTER 10. MIGRATION POLICY OF SPAIN – Ferda Özer CHAPTER 11. POPULISM AND REFUGEE POLICIES OF AUSTRIA – Sinem Eray CHAPTER 12. BELGIUM’S IMMIGRATION ASYLUM POLICIES IN TIMES OF CRISIS – Ebru Dalğakıran CHAPTER 13. HUNGARY’S ASYLUM POLICY BEFORE AND AFTER THE REFUGEE MOVEMENT IN 2015 – Aslı Şirin CHAPTER 14. ASYLUM POLICY OF REPUBLIC OF SERBIA: THE CASE OF THE HUMANITARIAN ROUTE – Ayşegül Bostan

Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 1,7, University of Applied Sciences Essen, language: English, abstract: The problem of this term paper is the same which millions of Europeans discuss daily, does the refugee crisis create more advantages or more disadvantages? Does it entail risks or does it bring more opportunities than expected? This paper is intended to give a picture of migration in Europe and to show that migration is a widespread and strategic component of the industrialization history of Europe over the last 300 years. Starting with the migration of workers from Westphalia to Amsterdam in the 18th century or the migration of Italian workers to German railway and urban con-struction in the 19th century. Migrant workers who came to Paris and German Jews who fled to neighboring countries as far as the USA. It is intended to show how history can contribute to seeing today's refugee and immigration policy in a different light and to correcting the notion that Europe is not a continent of immigration. There will not be a comprehensive overview of individual events, but rather a focus on how migrations arise, happen and end. How they give host countries the chance to develop, but also the risks involved in receiving and caring for refugees. The focus of this work will be on the flow of refugees from 2015 to 2018.

Master's Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: 2,0, College of Europe (Department for European and Governance Studies), language: English, abstract: In the years 2015 and 2016, the European Union (EU) and (some of) its member states were facing a very high number of asylum-seekers. This inflow revealed the shortcomings and dysfunctionalities of the European asylum system and plunged the EU into one of its biggest crises: Member states could hardly agree on common measures, and different national preferences for dealing with asylum-seekers led to profound and ongoing political divisions. Germany, which particularly was affected by the inflow, sought to ‘europeanize’ the phenomenon and to distribute the loads more evenly across the EU – but met major resistance. Contrarily to the widely held view – both in the academic literature and the European public – that Germany, in recent years, has shaped and even dominated European politics, it largely failed with its main policy proposals in the refugee and migrant crisis. To uncover the reasons, the present thesis applies an analytical model of ‘political leadership’. Based on current academic research, relevant newspaper articles and self-conducted expert interviews, it is argued that there might have been supply but not sufficient demand for successful German political leadership. In doing so, this thesis so far is the only larger academic paper that explicitly links the latest research on political leadership with Germany's role in the EU's refugee and migrant crisis.

This six-volume book series titled “Refugee Crisis in International Politics” are prepared with the aim of clarifying concepts and challenges in this field. The role of the international organizations in formulation, development and evolution of refugee policies is the focus of the contributions in the third volume. We have eight chapters presented as follows: Doğan Şafak Polat “United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and its Relations with the other United Nations’ Organs”; Ebru Gür and Soyalp Tamçelik “Interagency Cooperation between UNHCR and ILO (International Labour Organization) on the Promotion of Refugees Right to Work”; Ebru Gür and Soyalp Tamçelik “Demographic Reports of UNHCR for Refugees”; İsmail Melih Baş “The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Migrants / Migration”; Dinçer Bayer “Refugee Policy of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)”; Adnan Seyaz “NATO and the Current Refugee Crisis Prospects and Challenges”; Furkan Yıldız “Refugee Policies of Council of Europe”; and Hazar Dördüncü “The Impact of International Trade Organizations on the Refugee Crisis”. CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1. UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES AND ITS RELATIONS WITH THE OTHER UNITED NATIONS’ ORGANS - Doğan Şafak Polat CHAPTER 2. INTERAGENCY COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNHCR AND THE ILO ON THE PROMOTION OF REFUGEES RIGHT TO WORK - Ebru Gür and Soyalp Tamçelik CHAPTER 3. UNHCR’S DEMOGRAPHIC REPORTS ON REFUGEES - Ebru Gür and Soyalp Tamçelik CHAPTER 4. THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) AND MIGRANTS / MIGRATION - İsmail Melih Baş CHAPTER 5. REFUGEE POLICY OF NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO) - Dinçer Bayer CHAPTER 6. NATO AND THE CURRENT REFUGEE CRISIS: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES - Adnan Seyaz CHAPTER 7. REFUGEE POLICIES OF COUNCIL OF EUROPE - Furkan Yıldız CHAPTER 8. THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATIONS ON THE REFUGEE CRISIS - Hazar Dördüncü

The second volume presents comparative and detailed analyses on the refugee policies of not only the European Union but also the European countries. Contributions in this volume are as follows: Neriman Hocaoğu Bahadır "The Refugee Policy of the EU and the Status of the Refugees"; Sertif Demir "The European Union Migration Policy: Evolution Through Refuge Crisis"; Mesut Şöhret "Historical Development of the Refugee Crisis in the European Union"; Aysegül Gökalp Kutlu "Gender, Migration and Security: The EU's Responses to the Refugee Crisis"; N. Aslı Şirin and Ebru Dalgakıran "Re-Bordering Europe?: Refugees and 'Temporary' Internal Border Controls"; Mesut Şöhret "Securitization of Refugee Problem Within European Union"; Sinem Bal "Normative Elusiveness of Europe in Terms of Refugee Crisis"; Burulkan Abdibaitova Pala "Refugee Policies of the Baltic Countries"; Serkan Baykuşoğlu "A Historical and Contemporary Analysis of the British Immigration Policies and their Implications for Settlement and Integration: The Case of Turkish Immigrants in the United Kingdom"; Ferda Özer "Migration Policy of Spain"; Sinem Eray "Populism and Refugee Policies of Austria"; Ebru Dalğakıran "Belgium's Immigration Asylum Policies in Times of Crisis"; N. Aslı Şirin "Hungary's Asylum Policy before and after the Refugee Movement in 2015"; and Ayşegül Bostan "The Asylum Policy of Republic of Serbia: The Case of the Humanitarian Route".

Media have played an important role in framing the public debate on the “refugee crisis” that peaked in autumn of 2015. This report examines the narratives developed by print media in eight European countries and how they contributed to the public perception of the “crisis”, shifting from careful tolerance over the summer, to an outpouring of solidarity and humanitarianism in September 2015, and to a securitisation of the debate and a narrative of fear in November 2015. Overall, there has been limited opportunity in mainstream media coverage for refugees and migrants to give their views on events, and little attention paid to the individuals’ plight or the global and historical context of their displacement. Refugees and migrants are often portrayed as an undistinguishable group of anonymous and unskilled outsiders who are either vulnerable or dangerous. The dissemination of biased or ill-founded information contributes to perpetuating stereotypes and creating an unfavourable environment not only for the reception of refugees but also for the longer-term perspectives of societal integration.