The Deep Mixing Method

The Deep Mixing Method (DMM), a deep in-situ soil stabilization technique using cement and/or lime as a stabilizing agent, was developed in Japan and in the Nordic countries independently in the 1970s. Numerous research efforts have been made in these areas investigating properties of treated soil, behavior of DMM improved ground under static and d

A growing population and increasing urbanization over the past century have made it difficult to locate suitable ground for siting infrastructures in densely populated areas. The Deep Mixing Method (DMM) was developed and put into practice in Japan in 1975 to cope with the headaches of stability and/or excessive settlement in soft soil areas. This method involves using cement and/or lime as a soil stabilizer, added in-situ to deep soils, and has now been adopted not only in Japan but in the USA and other parts of the world as well. This book presents properties of this treated soil method, its various applications, its design and execution, and accumulated research results over the last twenty-five years.

The deep mixing (DM) method developed in Japan and Sweden in the 1970s has gained popularity worldwide. The DM-improved ground is a composite system comprising stiff stabilized soil and unstabilized soft soil, which necessitates geotechnical engineers to fully understand the interaction of stabilized and unstabilized soils and the engineering characteristics of in-situ stabilized soil. The success of the DM project cannot be achieved by the well-determined geotechnical design alone but is guaranteed only when the quality and geometric layout envisaged in the design is realized in the field with an acceptable level of accuracy. The process design, production with careful quality control and quality assurance are the key issues in the DM project. This book is intended to provide the state of the art and practice of quality control and assurance on deep mixing in detail based on the experience and research efforts accumulated in the past 50 years.

The Deep Mixing Method (DMM), a deep in-situ soil stabilization technique using cement and/or lime as a stabilizing agent, was developed in Japan and in the Nordic countries independently in the 1970s. Numerous research efforts have been made in these areas investigating properties of treated soil, behavior of DMM improved ground under static and dynamic conditions, design methods, and execution techniques. Due to its wide applicability and high improvement effect, the method has become increasingly popular in many countries in Europe, Asia and in the USA. In the past three to four decades, traditional mechanical mixing has been improved to meet changing needs. New types of the technology have also been developed in the last 10 years; e.g. the high pressure injection mixing method and the method that combines mechanical mixing and high pressure injection mixing technologies. The design procedures for the DM methods were standardized across several organizations in Japan and revised several times. Information on these rapid developments will benefit those researchers and practitioners who are involved in ground improvement throughout the world. The book presents the state of the art in Deep Mixing methods, and covers recent technologies, research activities and know-how in machinery, design, construction technology and quality control and assurance. The Deep Mixing Method is a useful reference tool for engineers and researchers involved in DMM technology everywhere, regardless of local soil conditions and variety in applications.

GSP 228 contains contains 189 peer-reviewed papers focusing on the science and technology of grouting that were presented at the Fourth International Conference on Grouting and Deep Mixing, held in New Orleans, Louisiana, February 15-18, 2012.

The pneumatic flow mixing method was developed to stabilize dredged soil and surplus soil for promoting their beneficial use in 1999. The pneumatic flow mixing method is a new type of the ex-situ cement stabilization techniques, in which dredged soil and surplus soil is mixed with a relatively small amount of chemical binder without any mixing paddles and blades in a pipeline. When a relatively large amount of compressed air is injected into the pipeline, soil can be separated into small blocks. When binder is injected into the pipeline, the soil block and binder are thoroughly mixed by means of turbulent flow generated in the soil block during transporting. As this method has many benefits ? rapid and large scale execution can be conducted with low cost ? it has been applied to many land reclamation projects, backfilling behind earth retaining wall projects and shallow stabilization projects using dredged soils and surplus soils. The book presents the state of the art in the pneumatic flow mixing method, and covers recent technologies, research activities and know-how in machinery, design, construction technology and quality control and assurance. The Pneumatic Flow Mixing Method is a useful reference tool for engineers and researchers involved in admixture stabilization technology everywhere, regardless of local soil conditions and a variety in applications.

This book presents 09 keynote and invited lectures and 177 technical papers from the 4th International Conference on Geotechnics for Sustainable Infrastructure Development, held on 28-29 Nov 2019 in Hanoi, Vietnam. The papers come from 35 countries of the five different continents, and are grouped in six conference themes: 1) Deep Foundations; 2) Tunnelling and Underground Spaces; 3) Ground Improvement; 4) Landslide and Erosion; 5) Geotechnical Modelling and Monitoring; and 6) Coastal Foundation Engineering. The keynote lectures are devoted by Prof. Harry Poulos (Australia), Prof. Adam Bezuijen (Belgium), Prof. Delwyn Fredlund (Canada), Prof. Lidija Zdravkovic (UK), Prof. Masaki Kitazume (Japan), and Prof. Mark Randolph (Australia). Four invited lectures are given by Prof. Charles Ng, ISSMGE President, Prof.Eun Chul Shin, ISSMGE Vice-President for Asia, Prof. Norikazu Shimizu (Japan), and Dr.Kenji Mori (Japan).

In this spirit, the ATMSS International Workshop “Advances in Laboratory Testing & Modelling of Soils and Shales” (Villars-sur-Ollon, Switzerland; 18-20 January 2017) has been organized to promote the exchange of ideas, experience and state of the art among major experts active in the field of experimental testing and modelling of soils and shales. The Workshop has been organized under the auspices of the Technical Committees TC-101 “Laboratory Testing”, TC-106 “Unsaturated Soils” and TC-308 “Energy Geotechnics” of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. This volume contains the invited keynote and feature lectures, as well as the papers that have been presented at the Workshop. The topics of the lectures and papers cover a wide range of theoretical and experimental research, including unsaturated behaviour of soils and shales, multiphysical testing of geomaterials, hydro–mechanical behaviour of shales and stiff clays, the geomechanical behaviour of the Opalinus Clay shale, advanced laboratory testing for site characterization and in–situ applications, and soil – structure interactions.

This book comprises the proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Construction Resources for Environmentally Sustainable Technologies. The contents of this volume focus on issues related to natural and man-made disasters, and discuss solutions through the use of alternative resources, towards building a sustainable and resilient society from geotechnical perspectives. Some of the themes covered include recycled materials in geotechnical constructions, management and utilization of disaster wastes, climate change independent natural disasters, socio-economic and environmental aspects in sustainable construction, physical and numerical modelling of disaster mitigation techniques, etc. This book will be beneficial to researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers alike.

David Gibson uses 3D visual representations of sounds in a mix as a tool to explain the dynamics that can be created in a mix. This book provides an in-depth exploration into the aesthetics of what makes a great mix. Gibson’s unique approach explains how to map sounds to visuals in order to create a visual framework that can be used to analyze what is going on in any mix. Once you have the framework down, Gibson then uses it to explain the traditions that have be developed over time by great recording engineers for different styles of music and songs. You will come to understand everything that can be done in a mix to create dynamics that affect people in really deep ways. Once you understand what engineers are doing to create the great mixes they do, you can then use this framework to develop your own values as to what you feel is a good mix. Once you have a perspective on what all can be done, you have the power to be truly creative on your own – to create whole new mixing possibilities. It is all about creating art out of technology. This book goes beyond explaining what the equipment does – it explains what to do with the equipment to make the best possible mixes.