The 9th Annual International Seminar On Trends In Science And Science Education Aistsse 2022

This is the ninth time we are hosting this seminar and we are proud to inform you that this seminar is an annual event in our calendar and has been held every year since 2014. This year, for the third year, we are holding it via Zoom meeting (online meeting) due to Covid-19 pandemic. We are inviting internationally recognized speakers from several countries to share their latest discoveries in the fields of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and Science Education. Well-known researchers in science and science education will share their experiences and knowledge so that we can stay up-to-date with the latest information. This is one of the goals of this seminar. As science researchers, we realize the importance of information exchange among us. The new information enlightens our minds and gives us ideas on what to do next in our research and how to do it. This new information often becomes the foundation for our next project in particular and sets the research trends for the upcoming year in general. Information exchange also keeps us updated, allowing us to give and receive suggestions and critiques that will lead to better results. Therefore, we need a forum where we can share and exchange information. Seminars, conferences, and other scientific gatherings are the media through which we can do this. Organizer Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Universitas Negeri Medan Where Web Seminar via Zoom Meeting When Tuesday, 8th November 2022 Theme The development of industrial-based research in science and science education to improve research innovation strategy Topics: AISTSSE-2020 included following topics: 1. Mathematics Science 2. Mathematics Education 3. Physics Science 4. Physics Education 5. Biology Science 6. Biology Education 7. Chemistry Science 8. Chemistry Education 9. Computer Science 10.Science Education Scientific Committee 1. Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd, Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 2. Prof. Dr. Marleen Kamperman, University of Groningen (Netherland) 3. Prof. Manihar Situmorang, M.Sc., Ph.D , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 4. Prof. Tsunenori Mine, School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kyushu University (Japan) 5. Prof. Dian Armanto, M.Pd, Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 6. Prof. Dr. Herbert Sipahutar, M.Sc , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 7. Prof. Abedel Karrem Nasser M Alomari Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University (Jordan) 8. Prof. Dr. Bornok Sinaga, M.Pd , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 9. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sattar Rasul Universitas Kebangsaan Malaysia, (Malaysia) 10. Prof. Motlan, M.Sc., Ph.D , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 11. Prof. Dr. Asmin, M.Pd , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 12. Prof. Dr. Fauziyah Harahap, M.Si, Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 13. Prof. Dr. Mukhtar, M.Pd , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 14. Prof. Dr. Pargaulan Siagian, M.Pd , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 15. Prof. Dr. Sahat Saragih, M.Pd , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 16. Prof. Dr. Edi Syahputra, M.Pd , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 17. Prof. Dr. Hasratuddin, M.Pd , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 18. Prof. Dr. Ramlan Silaban, M.Si, Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 19. Prof. Dr. Retno Dwi Suyanti, M.Si , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 20. Prof. Dr. Nurdin Bukit, M.Si , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 21. Prof. Dr. Sahyar, M.S , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 22. Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Binari Manurung, M.Si , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 23. Prof. Dr. Makmur Sirait, M.Si , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 24. Prof. Dr. Eva Marlina Ginting, M.Si , Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 25. Prof. Dr. Drs. Tri Harsono, M.Si, Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 26. Prof. Dr. Martina Restuati, M.Si, Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) 27. Prof. Drs. Zul Amry, M.Si., Ph.D, Universitas Negeri Medan (Indonesia) Supported by: FORUM MIPA LPTK INDONESIA

This book contains the proceedings of the The 5th Annual International Seminar on Trends in Science and Science Education (AISTSSE) and The 2nd International Conference on Innovation in Education, Science and Culture (ICIESC), where held on 18 October 2018 and 25 September 2018 in same city, Medan, North Sumatera. Both of conferences were organized respectively by Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences and Research Institute, Universitas Negeri Medan. The papers from these conferences collected in a proceedings book entitled: Proceedings of 5th AISTSSE. In publishing process, AISTSSE and ICIESC were collaboration conference presents six plenary and invited speakers from Australia, Japan, Thailand, and from Indonesia. Besides speaker, around 162 researchers covering lecturers, teachers, participants and students have attended in this conference. The researchers come from Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Bandung, Palembang, Jambi, Batam, Pekanbaru, Padang, Aceh, Medan and several from Malaysia, and Thailand. The AISTSSE meeting is expected to yield fruitful result from discussion on various issues dealing with challenges we face in this Industrial Revolution (RI) 4.0. The purpose of AISTSSE is to bring together professionals, academics and students who are interested in the advancement of research and practical applications of innovation in education, science and culture. The presentation of such conference covering multi disciplines will contribute a lot of inspiring inputs and new knowledge on current trending about: Mathematical Sciences, Mathematics Education, Physical Sciences, Physics Education, Biological Sciences, Biology Education, Chemical Sciences, Chemistry Education, and Computer Sciences. Thus, this will contribute to the next young generation researches to produce innovative research findings. Hopely that the scientific attitude and skills through research will promote Unimed to be a well-known university which persist to be developed and excelled. Finally, we would like to express greatest thankful to all colleagues in the steering committee for cooperation in administering and arranging the conference. Hopefully these seminar and conference will be continued in the coming years with many more insight articles from inspiring research. We would also like to thank the invited speakers for their invaluable contribution and for sharing their vision in their talks. We hope to meet you again for the next conference of AISTSSE.

External representations (pictures, diagrams, graphs, concrete models) have always been valuable tools for the science teacher. This book brings together the insights of practicing scientists, science education researchers, computer specialists, and cognitive scientists, to produce a coherent overview. It links presentations about cognitive theory, its implications for science curriculum design, and for learning and teaching in classrooms and laboratories.

The Faculty of Education and Teaching Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Bukittinggi, West Sumatera Indonesia, organized the 2nd International Conference on Education (BICED 2020) on 14-15 September 2020 in Bukittinggi, West Sumatera, Indonesia. The number of participants who joined the zoom room was recorded at 736 participants. 224 participants attended the conference via the zoom application and 539 participants via YouTube Channel. Participants came from 5 countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Brunei Darussalam, Thailand and Australia. BICED 2020 is implemented with the support of a stable internet network system and a zoom application. In the implementation there were several technical obstacles encountered by the participants, namely the difficulty of joining the zoom application due to the unstable internet signal. The holding of a virtual conference felt less meaningful, due to the lack of interaction between speakers and participants. The BICED 2020 committee 29 papers were presented and discussed. The papers were authored by researchers from Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Thailand, Malaysia, United Kingdom, and Indonesia. All papers have been scrutinized by a panel of reviewers who provide critical comments and corrections, and thereafter contributed to the improvement of the quality of the papers.

The book is collected from papers that were presented at the 2019 4th International Seminar on Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (ISAMSE 2019, August 16-18, 2019, Shanghai, China) and it introduces the recent research results in the area of materials science and technologies of materials processing. We hope this collection will be useful and interesting for many researchers and engineers in their professional activity.

This book sheds light on the emerging research trends in intelligent systems and their applications. It mainly focuses on three different themes, including software engineering, ICT in education, and management information systems. Each chapter contributes to the aforementioned themes by discussing the recent design, developments, and modifications of intelligent systems and their applications.

This volume contains the written versions of the lectures held at the "22 Internationale Universitatswochen fur Kern physik" in Schladming, Austria, in February 1983. The generous support of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research, the Styrian Government and other sponsors once again made it possible for expert lecturers to be invited. In choosing the topics, the aim was to achieve a balance between the theoretical and phenomenological contributions; on the theoretical side, discussions centred on the impact of different approaches to quantum field theory on the ele mentary particle scenario, on the other, on the recent re sults in high energy physics which have provided fresh moti vations for new kinds of experiments as well as having had a profound influehce on cosmology. Limited space has made it impossible to include manuscripts of the many interesting seminars presented. The lecture notes were reexamined by the authors after the school and are now published in their final form. It is a pleasure to thank all the lecturers for their efforts, which made it possible to speed up publication. Thanks are also due to Mrs. Neuhold for the careful typing of the notes. H. Mitter C.B. Lang Acta Physica Austriaca, Suppl. XXV, ~70 (1983) @ by Springer-Verlag 1983 THE EARLY UNIVERSE - FACTS AND FICTION+ by G. BaRNER Max-Planck-Institut fUr Physik und Astrcphysik Institut fUr Astrophysik Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1 8046 Garching b. MUnchen, FRG 1.