Technological And Modern Irrigation Environment In Egypt

This book gathers contributions on modern irrigation environments in Egypt from an environmental and agricultural perspective. Written by leading experts in the field, it discusses a wide variety of modern irrigation problems. In the context of water resources management in Egypt, one fundamental problem is the gap between growing water demand and limited supply. As such, improving irrigation systems and providing farmers with better control over water are crucial to increasing productivity. The book presents state-of-the-art technologies and techniques that can be effectively used to address a range of problems in modern irrigation, as well as the latest research advances. Focusing on water sensing and information technologies, automated irrigation technologies, and improved irrigation efficiency. It brings together a team of experts who share their personal experiences, describe the various applications, present recent advances, and discuss possibilities for interdisciplinary collaboration and implementing the techniques covered

This book focuses on proving that deficit irrigation could play an important role in increasing food production in times of water scarcity. Although the application of deficit irrigation can involve loss in crop productivity, it still secures water to be use in cultivating more lands and producing more food. The following questions are discussed and the authors offer solutions to these problems: Will the production, on a national level, resulting from these new added areas compensate yield losses attained by application of deficit irrigation? Is it possible to use deficit irrigation practice to reduce the applied irrigation water to certain crops that have a surplus in their production, and direct this saved water to cultivate new areas with crops have low self-sufficiency ratios? Under climate change in 2030, would deficit irrigation practice have the same role it plays under the current conditions? This book will appeal to students and researchers involved with water scarcity and food security.

This book gathers contributions discussing climate change in Egypt from an agricultural perspective. Written by leading experts, it presents state-of-the-art insights and the latest research developments in light of the most recent IPCC report. Focusing on identifying the specific phenomena that affect climate change in Egypt, the book also addresses the effects of climate change in Egypt, particularly examining the quality and quantity of water resources as well as the socio-economic impacts of climate change on agricultural activities. Furthermore, it explores alternative solutions to support agriculture and food security and raises awareness of adaptation and protection as the key to adapting to the risks posed by climate change. Covering the four fundamental pillars of climate change: food security, availability, access and stability, this book is a valuable resource for stakeholders involved in achieving the 2030 sustainable development goals in Egypt and all countries with similar climatic conditions. It is also a unique source of information and updates on climate change impacts for graduates, researchers, policy planners, and decision-makers.

Earthworm Technology in Organic Waste Management: Recent Trends and Advances is a suitable contribution to the Waste and The Environment: Underlying Burdens And Management Strategies series that will be helpful in classifying and broadly addressing assessments, mitigation strategies, and the management of organic wastes using earthworms. In addition, the book provides a summary of the latest findings on emerging pollution-related issues, their sustainable management, and future perspectives. The book covers recent trends and developments in organic waste management, including the use of earthworms in municipal and industrial waste management, the role of earthworms in vermifiltration/vermiwash, and of vermicompost in crops. Finally, the book covers the potential of earthworms in the remediation of emerging contaminants. This includes antibiotic resistance genes, heavy metals, pesticides, microplastics, and other emerging pollutants that are not covered in-depth in previously published titles. Covers a broad range of information on different aspects of organic waste treatment by earthworm technology Illustrates how earthworms can be used in modeling, assessment and management of environmental issues caused by geogenic, industrial and emerging pollutants Highlights the reuse and recycling of industrial and municipal organic waste and recovery of value-added resources from organic waste

Egyptian agriculture is uniquely dependent on water, with over 95 per cent of agricultural production originating from land irrigated by the Nile. The improvement of irrigation systems and better control over water by farmers is therefore crucial to the drive to raise productivity in the current ocntext of scarce water resources, rich but underutilized land and changes in the institutional environment of the economy after "liberalization". This text evaluates the ambitious state-of-the-art Irrigation Improvement Project (IIP) and should be of interest to all those concerned with issues of water and development in the Middle East.

This book includes multi-disciplinary quantifications of the effect of climate change on water requirements of wheat, maize, rice and sugarcane. Furthermore, it provides on-farm management that faces water scarcity under current situation and under climate change. Changing cultivation method (raised beds instead of furrows or basins) or increasing irrigation application efficiency (sprinkler or drip systems instead of surface irrigation) can reduce the applied water. Irrigated agriculture, although profitable, it endures wasteful use of valuable water resources. Taking into account the risk of climate change, developing countries like Egypt will highly suffer. Furthermore, the effect of intercropping (two crops use the applied water to one of them), and/or using crop rotations (arrange crops to reduce the applied water, increase water productivity and sustain soil fertility) on production and consumed irrigation water by crops were comprehensively analyzed.

This edited book highlights the potential and actual contributions of the sustainable management and utilization of indigenous biological resources and environment for the development of Africa. The book centers on documenting current trends and issues in the field of resource use and conservation with the view of emphasizing their benefits to the pursuit of development within the region. By documenting the array of natural resources and environment in Africa, this book addresses the topical knowledge and understanding gaps that characterize conservation (rationale for sustainable resource exploration), utilization patterns, and conservation challenges including policy status, environmental threats, impacts of tourism, reduction in food resources, etc., and their effects on the sustainable development of Africa. Through an integrated approach, the book focuses on below and above-ground biological resources and the diverse scales of environment that characterize Africa. This collection of works is very helpful for natural and social scientists, policymakers, strategists, researchers, government and non-government organizations, biodiversity and environmental managers, climate change scientists, practitioners, activists, conservationists, academics, ecologists, undergraduate and postgraduate students, and others who want to learn about and understand the best way to use and protect Africa's resources and heritage sustainably.

Through a study of its natural environment and irrigation system, this dissertation investigates the evolution of the landscape of Egypt's Fayyum depression across sixteen centuries, from the third century BCE to the thirteenth century CE. From the evidence of Greek papyri, Arabic fiscal documentation, early modern travel literature, archaeology, and contemporary scientific work, I chart the changes in human relationships with earth and water over time, changes which constantly altered the inhabited and cultivated regions of the Fayyum. My main argument throughout is that it was local agency and not state governments that continuously remade the landscape. The history of the Fayyum after the fourth century CE has long been viewed by ancient historians as one of decline from its ancient heights due to the failure of the late Roman and Muslim successor states to properly manage its irrigation system. I locate the genesis of this narrative within nineteenth century perceptions of the docility of nature and the belief that ancient governments had achieved centralized control over the Nile and the Egyptian environment. This anachronistic retrojection of the characteristics of the modern irrigation system has had a considerable afterlife in historical scholarship on Egyptian irrigation. Eschewing a narrow focus on the state, this dissertation argues that that nature is a potent agent in its own right. Ancient farmers could not control nature so they adapted to it, creating four distinct irrigated sub-regions in the Graeco-Roman Fayyum, each tailored to the particulars of the local environment. Our papyri stem from only one of these sub-regions, the water-scarce margins, which lay at the tail end of the irrigation system. Here, inadequate irrigation and fertilization progressively led to soil salinization and degradation, which helped to spur the eventual abandonment of these areas. By the medieval period, only the central floodplain remained inhabited. Only here was sustainable agriculture under the regime of premodern technology possible. Although the Roman state coordinated local labor on the canals, nothing could bind Fayyum villagers to the degrading margins in perpetuity. Fourth century papyri hint that some cultivators had moved to other nomes and were prospering. Still later documents of the sixth to eighth centuries CE reveal greatly increased settlement density in the central Fayyum. Thus, it was local cultivators who made and remade the landscape of the Fayyum over the centuries according to their own needs. Government could both guide and benefit from this local labor but it could never fully control it.

This book targets the issue of water scarcity in Egypt as a typical example of the world water crisis. Today, the available water resource is facing its limit because of rapid increase in water demand as a result of population growth and changes in peoples’ life-style. The basic idea to solve the problem of water scarcity is that the irrigation sector, the biggest user of water, should increase water use efficiency. However, the real problem is how this can be achieved in view of the crucial need for water in this sector. This book addresses this challenge through case studies from the Nile delta in Egypt. The water problem in the Nile delta, the major source for water in Egypt, is discussed in this book from all its various aspects. This book covers the situation before and after the advent of the Aswan High Dam, so that the reader understands the entire development. Another special feature are the extensive and scientific descriptions of contemporary topics in water and agriculture, especially from the viewpoint of water saving and sustainability. These descriptions are based on field experiments and surveys in a six-year international research project. Topics of this book are local, but their implications are global.