Synthesis And Controlled Radical Polymerization Of Multifunctional Monomers

Multifunctional monomers on the basis of acryl- and methacryl derivatives were synthesized and different protective groups were used. After polymerization the protective groups were removed by different methods. Various initiators for the NMP of the monomers were synthesized and the reaction conditions were optimized. The results showed that NMP was not a suitable method for multifunctional acryl- and methacryl derivatives to achieve well-defined homopolymers, although it was successful for control of polymerization of styrene and block copolymerization of multifunctional acryl- and methacryl derivatives with alkoxyamine terminated polystyrene. The ATRP of multifunctional acrylates and methacrylates has been successfully performed, as well as the block copolymerization of multifunctional acrylates and methacrylates. Relatively low polydispersities of the corresponding polymers (PD=1.18-1.36) and reasonably high rates of polymerization could be achieved when Me6TREN and PMDETA were used as ligands. However, the ATRP of multifunctional acrylamides and methacrylamides failed. The RAFT-polymerization of styrene, acrylamide and acrylate using BDTB as a CTA and AIBN as an initiator afforded polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution (PD=1.13-1.26). A kinetic investigation and the further synthesis of block copolymers using dithioester-terminated homopolymers as macroCTAs showed that the RAFT polymerization of acrylamide M9b proceeded in a living manner. However, BDTB does not control the reaction of methacrylic monomers, such as methacrylates and methacrylamides. The bulk phase behavior of the block copolymers were examined by means of DSC and the surface behaviors of block copolymers as thin layers were examined with AFM. Two-phase transitions in the block copolymers were observed clearly by DSC, indicative of the appearance of phase separations, which were seen in an AFM image. In conclusion, multifunctional acryl- and methacryl derivatives failed to achieve wel.

Recent progress in the field of controlled/living radical polymerization.

Expanding Monomers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications provides a thorough discussion of expanding polymer systems and their potential applications. The scope of the book includes background information on conventional monomers, their polymeric systems, and associated shrinkage problems. Monomers that expand during polymerization are covered in detail, including their synthesis and characterization. Polymerization (homopolymerization and copolymerization) of expanding monomers is discussed, in addition to mechanisms and kinetics of several polymerization processes, such as cationic initiation and free radical ring-opening polymerization. The book also explores various applications in which expanding polymer systems have potential. These applications include coatings, casting and potting materials, composite adhesives, and electrical insulations. Expanding Monomers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications will be valuable as a reference for manufacturers, researchers, teachers, and students in polymer and materials science, in addition to industry and university libraries.

Offering a unique perspective summarizing research on this timely important topic around the globe, this book provides comprehensive coverage of how molecular biomass can be transformed into sustainable polymers. It critically discusses and compares a few classes of biomass - oxygen-rich, hydrocarbon-rich, hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon (including carbon dioxide) as well as natural polymers - and equally includes products that are already commercialized. A must-have for both newcomers to the field as well as established researchers in both academia and industry.

"Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques has allowed the synthesis of numerous polymeric materials with comparable control to that of true "living" techniques without the need for stringent manipulation techniques. The control over chain length, dispersity and composition is desirable in many fields, such as stimuli-responsive (temperature or pH) drug carriers. These thermoresponsive polymers in aqueous media are often characterized by lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior, where the polymer becomes insoluble with temperature increases. The LCST can be tuned by the structural features of the constituent monomer, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and copolymerization with other monomers. Narrow molecular weight distribution is the key factor determining the sharpness needed for determining the LCST, which is often exemplified by the cloud point temperature (CPT). Using CRP techniques, specifically nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP), with an alkoxyamine unimolecular initiator, 2-([tert-butyl[1-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]amino]oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (BlocBuilder) and an additional free nitroxide (SG1), the effect of controlling comonomer (9-(4-vinylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole (VBK)) on polymerization kinetics of N-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) pyrrolidone (MAEPYR) and the effect of final copolymer composition on CPT was studied. Adding at least 5 mol% VBK, the dispersity Đ of the poly(MAEPYR-stat-VBK) copolymers was below 1.4. The CPT decreased from 59.0 °C to 49.7 °C with addition of only 1 mol% of VBK in the copolymer, and it can be further fine-tuned by changing the solution concentration and the heating rate. Another CRP technique, reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT), was applied to homopolymerization of N-(3-methoxypropyl) acrylamide (MPAM) to yield well-defined polymers (with (M_n)− = 14.3 - 25.2 kg mol-1 and low Đ ~ 1.17 - 1.47) needed for precise determination of CPT. Thermoresponsive behaviour of poly(MPAM) in aqueous media revealed CPTs between 73 and 92 °C, unlike other literature reports where the polymers, synthesized by conventional radical polymerization, showed conflicting results regarding their LCST" --

A much-needed overview of the state of the art of hyperbranched polymers The last two decades have seen a surge of interest in hyperbranched polymers due to their ease of synthesis on a large scale and their promising applications in diverse fields, from medicine to nanotechnology. Written by leading scientists in academia and industry, this book provides for the first time a comprehensive overview of the topic, bringing together in one complete volume a wealth of information previously available only in articles scattered across the literature. Drawing on their work at the cutting edge of this dynamic area of research, the authors cover everything readers need to know about hyperbranched polymers when designing highly functional materials. Clear, thorough discussions include: How irregular branching affects polymer properties and their potential applications Important theoretical basics, plus a useful summary of characterization techniques How hyperbranched polymers compare with dendrimers as well as linear polymers Future trends in the synthesis and application of hyperbranched polymers Geared to novices and experts alike, Hyperbranched Polymers is a must-have resource for anyone working in polymer architectures, polymer engineering, and functional materials. It is also useful for scientists in related fields who need a primer on the synthesis, theory, and applications of hyperbranched polymers.

Recent work in polymer chemistry has allowed scientists to control the polymerization reaction and produce increasingly well-defined polymers. This volume examines current work in the field and describes the synthesis of new materials. It includes discussions of nitroxide-mediated and metal-mediated radical polymerizations. It also includes an overview of the fundamentals of radical chemistry, making it accessible to a wide range of chemists and materials scientists.

This brief includes information on the background of and development of synthesis of various types of surface active monomers. The authors explain the importance of utilization of surface active monomers for creation of surface active polymers and the various biomedical applications of such compounds . This brief introduces techniques for the synthesis of novel types of surface active monomers, their colloidal and polymerizable properties and application for needs of medicine and biology.

Polymers are huge macromolecules composed of repeating structural units. While polymer in popular usage suggests plastic, the term actually refers to a large class of natural and synthetic materials. Due to the extraordinary range of properties accessible, polymers have come to play an essential and ubiquitous role in everyday life - from plastics and elastomers on the one hand to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins on the other hand. The study of polymer science begins with understanding the methods in which these materials are synthesized. Polymer synthesis is a complex procedure and can take place in a variety of ways. This book brings together the "Who is who" of polymer science to give the readers an overview of the large field of polymer synthesis. It is a one-stop reference and a must-have for all Chemists, Polymer Chemists, Chemists in Industry, and Materials Scientists.