Synthesis and Assembly of Porous Silica Nanostructures for X-ray Catalyzed Reactions
Author | : Laura Y. Chong |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2019 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781085795586 |
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The syntheses of silica materials provide many experimental methods that introduce different assemblies of nanoporous silica structures. Silica nanoparticles, hollow silica shells, core/shell structures and porous silica materials are examples of structures that have been synthesized in research works. A standard procedure for producing silica nanomaterials uses the established sol-gel Stöber process. Other developed methods also include solvothermal and hydrothermal techniques to prepare amorphous and crystalline silica materials. A review of the different approaches such as self-template, hard template, and soft template are described to present particular strategies that have been adapted to fabricate silica nanomaterials. The composition of silica scaffolds can include organic and inorganic states of matter. These adaptations can be utilized to achieve certain configurations during post synthetic treatments such as calcination and etching. The morphology of cubic and spherical silica particles are also studied to analyze the synthetic factors regarding the formation of shapes. Here, silica microcubes are produced after secondary precipitation of silica onto silica nanospheres. Hollow silica microcubes with different shell thicknesses are fabricated from the mSiO2@mSiO2 cubic particles through including additional silicate precursors during synthesizing the external layer followed by etching in warm water. Porous silica structures are recognized categories of materials that are applied for nanoscale storage and transport purposes. In this study, hollow silica microcubes are applied in the X-ray catalyzed hydroxylation of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid. X-ray induced enhancement occurs at the Type 1 and Type 2 proximities. Type 1 is described to be at least 100 nm away from the nanoparticle interface while Type 2 is within 100 nm from the nanoparticle interface. This review investigates current and viable methods to synthesize and apply porous silica nano-/micro-structures for research analyses.