Sustainable Hydrogen Production Processes

This work presents a comprehensive investigation of the most significant renewable hydrogen production processes. Technical, economic and ecological studies are described for the processes of steam reforming of ethanol, natural gas and biogas; water electrolysis with energy from renewable sources (wind power, photovoltaic and hydroelectric), and hydrogen production using algae. Aimed at mechanical and chemical engineering graduate students and researchers involved in environmental sciences, sustainable energy and bioenergy research, this book introduces readers to the latest developments in the field and provides essential reference material for future research. The book first presents a comprehensive literature review of the processes studied. Subsequently, it provides a technical report on assessing the energetic efficiency for each hydrogen production process, as well as an economic study of the respective hydrogen production costs. Lastly, the ecological efficiency of each process is addressed. Over the past few decades, the UNESP’s Group of Optimization of Energetic Systems, headed by Professor José Luz Silveira, has been pursuing research in the field of renewable energy generation. A major part of the group’s research focuses on the production of hydrogen as a fuel and its important contribution to mitigating the environmental impacts caused by pollutant emissions.

Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides readers with an introduction to the processes and technologies used in major hydrogen production methods. This book serves as a unique source for information on advanced hydrogen generation systems and applications (including integrated systems, hybrid systems, and multigeneration systems with hydrogen production). Advanced and clean technologies are linked to environmental impact issues, and methods for sustainable development are thoroughly discussed. With Earth’s fast-growing populations, we face the challenge of rapidly rising energy needs. To balance these we must explore more sustainable methods of energy production. Hydrogen is one key sustainable method because of its versatility. It is a constituent of a large palette of essential materials, chemicals, and fuels. It is a source of power and a source of heat. Because of this versatility, the demand for hydrogen is sure to increase as we aim to explore more sustainable methods of energy. Furthermore, Sustainable Hydrogen Production provides methodologies, models, and analysis techniques to help achieve better use of resources, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. The book is intellectually rich and interesting as well as practical. The fundamental methods of hydrogen production are categorized based on type of energy source: electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical. Where appropriate, historical context is introduced. Thermodynamic concepts, illustrative examples, and case studies are used to solve concrete power engineering problems. Addresses the fundamentals of hydrogen production using electrical, thermal, photonic, and biochemical energies Presents new models, methods, and parameters for performance assessment Provides historical background where appropriate Outlines key connections between hydrogen production methods and environmental impact/sustainable development Provides illustrative examples, case studies, and study problems within each chapter

Hydrogen energy is the most versatile energy source: its advantages include the minimization of pollution and land use compared to traditional fossil fuels, high energy density, and the possibility of generation using renewable sources (such as water splitting). This book focuses on the main advances and challenges in the production, storage, transportation and commercialization of hydrogen energy.

Renewable Hydrogen Production provides a comprehensive analysis of renewable energy-based hydrogen production. Through simulation analysis and experimental investigations, the book provides fundamentals, compares existing hydrogen production applications, discusses novel technologies, and offers insights into the future directions of this rapidly evolving industry. This all-in-one resource on how to produce clean hydrogen production to enhance energy efficiency and support sustainable development will appeal to a wide variety of industries and professionals. Addresses the production of clean hydrogen from the major sources of renewable energy, including wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, biomass and marine energy Presents information from simulations and experimental analyses Offers insights into the future of renewable hydrogen production

Fundamentals of Hydrogen Production and Utilization in Fuel Cell Systems provides a comprehensive overview of the complex and interdisciplinary issues surrounding the use of hydrogen fuel cells in the global transportation system. With a particular emphasis on the commercialization and implementation of hydrogen fuel cells, the book deals with production, utilization, storage and safety, and addresses the application of fuel cells in the road, rail, maritime and aviation sectors. For each sector, the book discusses the fundamentals of fuel cells, the current technical, environmental, safety, and economic performance, the main barriers to implementation and how to address themThis book is an invaluable reference for researchers, graduate students and industry engineers across the fuel cells and transportation sector, but is also ideal for policymakers involved in the energy transition. Offers the first account of hydrogen fuel cell systems that considers every sector: road, rail, maritime and aviation Focuses on the practical utilization and implementation of hydrogen fuel cells in transportation systems Summarizes the latest research and developments in hydrogen fuel cell powered transportation

This brief covers novel techniques for clean hydrogen production which primarily involve sodium hydroxide as an essential ingredient to the existing major hydrogen production technologies. Interestingly, sodium hydroxide plays different roles and can act as a catalyst, reactant, promoter or even a precursor. The inclusion of sodium hydroxide makes these processes both kinetically and thermodynamically favorable. In addition possibilities to produce cleaner hydrogen, in terms of carbon emissions, are described. Through modifications of steam methane reformation methods and coal-gasification processes, from fossil as well as non-fossil energy sources, the carbon dioxide emissions of these established ways to produce hydrogen can significantly be reduced. This brief is aimed at those who are interested in expanding their knowledge on novel techniques and materials to produce clean hydrogen and capture carbon dioxide at a large-scale. The detailed thermodynamic analysis, experimental findings and critical analysis of such techniques are well discussed in this brief. Therefore, this book will be of great interest and use to students, engineers and researchers involved in developing the hydrogen economy as well as mitigating carbon dioxide emissions at a large-scale.

Provides a comprehensive practical review of the new technologies used to obtain hydrogen more efficiently via catalytic, electrochemical, bio- and photohydrogen production. Hydrogen has been gaining more attention in both transportation and stationary power applications. Fuel cell-powered cars are on the roads and the automotive industry is demanding feasible and efficient technologies to produce hydrogen. The principles and methods described herein lead to reasonable mitigation of the great majority of problems associated with hydrogen production technologies. The chapters in this book are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields, and readers will have a chance to compare the fundamental production techniques and learn about the pros and cons of these technologies. The book is organized into three parts. Part I shows the catalytic and electrochemical principles involved in hydrogen production technologies. Part II addresses hydrogen production from electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) by decomposing organic compound into hydrogen in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The final part of the book is concerned with photohydrogen generation. Recent developments in the area of semiconductor-based nanomaterials, specifically semiconductor oxides, nitrides and metal free semiconductor-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production are extensively discussed.

Hydrogen Economy: Supply Chain, Life Cycle Analysis and Energy Transition for Sustainability explores the challenges for the transition into a sustainable hydrogen economy. In this book, experts from various academic backgrounds discuss the tools and methodologies for the analysis, planning, design and optimization of hydrogen supply chains. They examine the available technologies for hydrogen production, storage, transport, distribution and energy conversion, providing a cross cutting perspective on their sustainability. Environmental, social and economic aspects are considered, allowing for a more complete life cycle assessment of the entire supply chain. Methods and frameworks for multi-criteria decision making for the sustainable implementation of hydrogen systems are also covered. Providing a broad overview of the subject and well-recognized tools to manage hydrogen sustainability, this book is a useful resource for engineering researchers and PhD students in energy, environmental and industrial areas, energy economy researchers, practicing hydrogen energy engineers and technicians, energy and environmental consultants, life cycle assessment practitioners and consultants. Provides a broad perspective of the issues related to environmental, social and economic sustainability of hydrogen energy and its future perspectives Presents the current applied research and available tools for managing and assessing hydrogen energy sustainability, such as LCA, optimization, multi-criteria decision making and supply chain optimization Explores how experts in the field handle all issues related to the application of life cycle assessment for hydrogen production, storage, transport, distribution and end use

Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: As society enters the 21st century, there is a growing awareness of the burdens being placed on the planet, as its ability to keep up with the demands of modern society are strained. One of the major contributors to this burden happens to be a main resource required for sustained development. Energy has always been, and will always be a necessary resource for existence. Since the industrial revolution, fossil fuels such as coal and oil have been the main-stay fuel to accommodate society's appetite. As the demand for this resource increases, the climatic and socio-economic costs of this fuel become more acute, and it is well documented that the supply of this fuel is not endless. One of the major consumers of this fuel, as a society, is the transportation sector. The processes in place which take it from the ground, to its combustion as a fuel, are some of the main culprits which adversely affect the planet. This thesis explores the issues associated with the introduction of another energy resource Hydrogen as a replacement fuel for the transportation industry. It is argued that for the transportation sector, Hydrogen offers the most promising alternative as a fuel. Making Hydrogen readily available and affordable through the retail infrastructure is of paramount importance, if its widespread use is to be achieved. The logistics of this are explored, and it is believed that the introduction of small Hydrogen fuelers at existing retail outlets, is the preferred method to instantiate the transition in the short to medium term. Those fueling stations can utilize grid electricity to produce Hydrogen by the means of water electrolysis, or take advantage of the existing Natural Gas distribution infrastructure to produce Hydrogen via steam reformation. This thesis examines the Well-to-Wheels impacts and economic feasibility of those options and compares them to existing vehicle and fuel technologies. The state of California was chosen as a target market due to its high automobile density, the resulting pollution issues, and its clear mandate on promoting alternative energy sources. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: I.Introduction2 1.Summary of the work2 2.Environmental, economic, and political challenges associated with the use of fossil fuels, especially oil3 2.1Environmental and Social Problems with Fossil Fuels3 2.1.1Environmental pollution - Oil spills and discharges3 2.1.2Environmental pollution - Local [...]

This book provides a comprehensive understanding of the process of hydrogen production by water splitting, including materials used, methods and instrumentation. It discusses hydrogen production methods with a focus on water splitting (laboratory/industrial scales) followed by its storage and perspectives. It describes all the methods of hydrogen production, i.e., water electrolysis, steam electrolysis, steam reforming, membrane electrolysis and water splitting. The effects of various radiations (ultraviolet, visible, gamma, X-ray and infrared) on hydrogen production are also included. Features: Presents a complete collection of hydrogen generation and discusses the water spitting process in detail. Explores the effects of the radiation of hydrogen generation. Discusses hydrogen generation and storage on a large scale. Presents a future perspective of hydrogen as fuel. Includes future challenges and perspectives to produce hydrogen economically on a large scale. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials and chemical engineering, radiation science, physics, chemistry and materials science.