Surfactant Based Sensors In Chemical And Biochemical Detection

Describing the importance of surfactants in electrochemical investigations related to biologically and environmentally vital chemicals, this book charts the progression of highly responsive electrochemical sensors using surfactants as a modifying agent in the sensor field. It provides contributed chapters from respected researchers on information concerning the activity of target molecules and electron transfer kinetics arising at the surface of the fabricated sensor materials. Surfactant-based electrochemical sensors are of great interest in the quest to find low-cost, fast and highly responsive sensing devices and one aim of this book is to help improve the competence and knowledge in this newly emerging interdisciplinary research area. Attracting an audience of students, academics, industrialists and engineers, it will interest researchers seeking to use non-toxic sensors in their detection challenges.

Surfactant Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors discusses the applications of surfactants for Electrochemical Sensors. Surfactant based electrochemical sensors exhibits elevated sensitivity, selectivity, stability and accuracy as compared to other analytical techniques. The fabricated sensors can be applied for routine analysis in clinical and industrial samples with acceptable recovery. This book covers the emerging research trends and exploitation of surfactants for electrochemical sensor preparation for its applications in various fields such as academia, medicine, industry and monitoring of environmental species. The key focus of this book is to expand scientific research in the field of electrochemistry on surfactant based electrochemical sensors in order to construct highly sensitive devices. Part one presents the characteristics of surfactants and discusses their application for the fabrication of electrochemical sensors and bio sensors. Part two addresses the analysis of toxic chemicals and their quantitative determination and offers surfactant based sensing platforms for environmental modelling. Part three discusses the significance of the analysis of molecules and ions in biological and pharmaceutical sampling. Part four presents new methodologies for the determination of food additives and biological molecules present in food samples. Part 5 explores the Sustainability, Safety and Toxicity Aspects of Surfactant Modified Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors. Presents emerging research trends and discusses the exploitation of surfactants for electrochemical sensor preparation and its applications for multi-disciplinary fields Addresses the development process for a sensitive, robust, and responsive sensor with the use of surfactants Presents the utilization of surfactant based sensors in real-time analysis

Flow-through sensors are more suitable than classical probe-type sensors for addressing real (non-academic) problems. The external shape and operation of flow-through (bio)chemical sensors are of great practical significance as they facilitate sample transport and conditioning, as well as calibration and sensor preparation, maintenance and regeneration, all of which result in enhanced analytical features and a wider scope of application. This is a systematic presentation of flow-through chemical and biochemical sensors based on the permanent or transient immobilization of any of the ingredients of a (bio)chemical reaction (i.e. the analyte, reagent, catalyst or product) where detection is integrated with the analytical reaction, a separation process (dialysis, gas diffusion, sorption, etc.) or both. The introductory chapter provides an overview of (bio)chemical sensors and their impact on analytical chemistry. Essential concepts of flow-through (bio)chemical sensors including their definition, classification, the types of flow-cells where the sensing microzone can be accommodated, continuous-flow configurations to which they can be coupled, the measurement modes available and the types of transient signals obtained, among others, are the subject of Chapter 2. The remaining chapters classify the most relevant types of flow-through (bio)chemical sensors according to the processes taking place at the sensing (recognition) microzone, as well as their position in space and time. The book deals critically with most types of flow-through sensors, discussing their possibilities and shortcomings to provide a realistic view of the state-of-the-art in the field. The large numbers of figures, the wealth of literature references and the extensive subject index complement the text.

This book introduces the principles and concepts of chemical and biochemical sensors for analyzing medical as well as biological samples. For applications like analyzing or monitoring gastric juice or blood plasma, the potential of sensors is exceptionally large. Focussed on these applications, the interpretation of analytical results is explained. Specific advantages are compared to other analytical techniques. Numerous tables with data provide useful information not easily found elsewhere and make a handy source of reference. Ursula E. Spichiger-Keller is head of the Center for Chemical Sensors/Biosensors and Bioanalytical Chemistry at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich.

In recent years, sensor research has undergone a quiet revolution that will have a significant impact on a broad range of applications in areas such as health care, the environment, energy, food safety, national security, and manufacturing. Sensors for Chemical and Biological Applications discusses in detail the potential of chemical and biological sensors and examines how they are meeting the challenges of chem-bio terrorism by monitoring through enhanced specificity, fast response times, and the ability to determine multiple hazardous substances. Exploring the nanotechnology approach, and carrying this theme throughout the book, the chapters cover the sensing principles for, chemical, electrical, chromatographic, magnetic, biological, fluidic, optical, and ultrasonic and mass sensing systems. They address issues associated with cost, synthesis, and testing of new low cost materials with high sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and speed for defined sensor applications. The book extensively discusses the detailed analysis of future impact of chemical and biological sensors in day-to-day life. Successful development of improved chemical sensor and biosensor systems and manufacturing procedures will not only increase the breadth and depth of the sensor industry, but will spill over into the design and manufacture of other types of sensors and devices that use nanofabrication and microfabrication techniques. This reference not only supplies versatile, hands-on tools useful in a broad array of disciplines, but also lays the interdisciplinary groundwork required for the achievement of sentient processing.

Technological needs for chemical, ionic and biological species detection are giving rise to continuous research and development in physico-chemistry and biology. The constant progress being made in the theoretical and technological aspects concerning studies and developments of chemical sensors, biosensors and biochips is presented in this book by different scientists and professors from different universities and constitutes an updating of the state of the art for chemical sensors, biosensors and biochips. This book places a large emphasis on interaction between chemical and biological species, in a gaseous or liquid state, and details mineral and biological materials acting as sensitive elements. The role of electrical, electrochemical, piezoelectric and optical transducers in detection mechanisms are presented through their developments and from a performance point-of-view. Micro-reactors, nanotechnologies and flexible substrates, are considered in relation to their role in neural networks. Contents 1. Chemical and Biological Recognition, Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault. 2. Adsorption Phenomena, René Lalauze. 3. Microcantilever Transduction, Isabelle Dufour. 4. Piezoelectric Transduction (QCM), Hubert Perrot. 5. Metal Oxide Gas Sensors, Christophe Pijolat. 6. Molecular Material-based Conductimetric Gas Sensors, Marcel Bouvet. 7. Responses and Electrical Properties of Gas Microsensors, Khalifa Aguir. 8. Gas Microsensor Technology, Philippe Menini. 9. Multisensors: Measurements and Behavior Models, Philippe Breuil. 10. Development of Microtechnologies for the Realization of Chemical, Biochemical and/or Biological Microsensors, Pierre Temple-Boyer. 11. Development of Micro-preconcentrators for the Detection of Gaseous Species at Trace Level, Jean-Paul Viricelle. 12. Microfluidics: Manipulation of Nanovolume Samples, Louis Renaud. 13. Electrochemical Biosensors, Chantal Gondran. 14. Fiber-optic Biosensors, Neso Sojic. 15. In Vivo Analyses with Electrochemical Microsensors, Stéphane Arbault. 16. Microbial Biosensors for Environmental Applications, Gérald Thouand and Marie José Durand. 17. Biofuel Cells, Serge Cosnier.

The Handbook of Chemical and Biological Sensors focuses on the development of sensors to recognize substances rather than physical quantities. This fully inclusive book examines devices that use a biological sensing element to detect and measure chemical and biological species as well as those that use a synthetic element to achieve a similar result. A first port of call for anyone with a specific interest, question, or problem relating to this area, this comprehensive source of reference serves as a guide for practicing scientists and as a text for many graduate courses. It presents relevant physics to chemists, chemistry to materials scientists, materials science to electronic engineers, and fabrication technology to all of the above. In addition, the handbook is useful both to newcomers and to experienced researchers who wish to broaden their knowledge of the constituent disciplines of this wide-ranging field.

With their similarity to the organs of the most advanced creatures that inhabit the Earth, sensors are regarded as being the “senses of electronics”: arti?cial eyes and ears that are capable of seeing and hearing beyond the range of - man perception; electronic noses and tongues that can recognise odours and ?avours without a lifetime training; touch that is able not only to feel the texture and temperature of the materials but even to discern their chemical compo- tion. Among the world of chemical sensors, optical devices (sometimes termed “optodes”, from the Greek “the optical way”) have reached a prominent place in those areas where the features of light and of the light-matter interaction show their advantage: contactless or long-distance interrogation, detection sensitivity, analyte selectivity, absence of electrical interference or risks, and lack of analyte consumption, to name just a few. The introduction of optical ?bres and integrated optics has added more value to such sensing since now light can be con?ned and readily carried to dif?cult-to-reach locations, higher information density can be transported, indicator dyes can be immobilised at the distal end or the evanescent ?eld for unique chemical and biochemical sensing (including multiplexed and distributed measurements), optical s- sors can now be subject to mass production and novel sensing schemes have been established (interferometric, surface plasmon resonance, ?uorescence energy transfer, supramolecular recognition . . . ).

This book reviews the state of art in the field of chemical sensors for analyses of ionic or molecular species dissolved in liquid media, mainly in aqueous solutions. The transduction of such devices is based on chemical, biological and physical phenomena. The fundamental phenomena involved in these sensors are described in the different chapters by specialists having a good expertise in the field. Numerous recent bibliographic references are given. Most of the devices could be miniaturised using modern technologies allowing a fabrication on a large scale, for a mass production at low cost. Moreover, such devices could open the field of applications in a near future (environmental, biomedical, food industries, domotic and automotive applications etc.).