Summary Of The Labor Situation In Argentina

This paper discusses whether there is a more efficient way of taxing labor in Argentina that has a minimal cost in terms of foregone revenues. Social security contributions for dependent workers are generally high in Argentina, despite the plethora of different regimes and exceptions. A reform of labor taxation in Argentina would need to address these inefficiencies. Reducing the tax wedge would stimulate employment and formalization, especially if targeted to low-paid workers, as there is evidence that it’s their employment that mostly responds to tax incentives. Argentina’s tax and transfer system appears to be less progressive than the estimated optimal one. The simulations suggest that the proposed changes would have a positive impact on economic activity and formality, with a minor cost in terms of foregone revenues. Greater labor supply and wages in the formal sector push up revenue from labor taxation, compensating part of the direct cost of the reform.

This paper evaluates the unemployment duration and labor mobility using data from the household surveys provided by the National Statistical office (INDEC) for the period 1998 to 2005. The paper aims to understand and explain the evolution and main determinants of labor mobility and unemployment duration, two of the main problems that labor markets present. Unemployment duration is studied in terms of welfare and its determinants by applying stochastic dominance and econometric techniques. Labor mobility is analyzed using conditional multinomial probit techniques in order to evaluate its evolution, the impact of a crisis and the recovery period, that Argentina faced over the period 1998-2005. We found that there was deterioration in welfare measured by unemployment duration especially during the crisis period. We found that human capital played a key role in the unemployment duration and labor mobility. Unemployment duration is higher for people with higher educational levels, which shows that less educated people have lower reservation wages; similar result was found for females and males. The labor mobility results show that more educated people enter easier to formal labor markets which changes during the crisis when their probability of entering to formal labor market reduces; this would suggest that more educated people tend to adjust their wages and push out of the market less educated people. The labor mobility patterns do not reflect inflexibility in labor markets. We conclude that the apparent duality-formal and informal-in the Argentinean labor market which seems to reflect differences in access to productive resources (human capital) outside labor market is the one that determines the integration into labor markets and later labour mobility of a big part of labor force.

Arguing that economic policies in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico favor markets over institutions and the international economy over the domestic?to the detriment of the workforce in those countries?Meeting the Employment Challenge presents extensive evidence in support of placing employment concerns at the center of economic and social policies.The authors discuss the challenges the three countries face in creating employment, as well as the evolution of the labor market since 1990 in terms of the quantity and quality of jobs. They then explore the impact of five policy areas on employment creation: macroeconomic policy, trade liberalization, foreign direct investment, labor market regulation, and labor relations. Their concluding recommendations offer concrete steps for balancing market forces and policy intervention in the interest of employment growth in a sound economy.Janine Berg and Christoph Ernst are economists in the Employment Analysis and Research Unit of the Employment Strategy Department, and Peter Auer is chief of the unit, at the International Labour Office (ILO), Geneva.Contents: Foreword?Daniel Martinez. Introduction. The Evolution of the Labor Market in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. Macroeconomic Policy and Employment. Trade Liberalization, Export Dynamism, and Employment Growth. Foreign Direct Investment and the Creation of Quality Employment. The Impact of Labor Market Regulations and Policies. Social Dialogue and Employment. Strategies for Meeting the Employment Challenge.

"Dr. Milanesio examines the ways mass consumption transformed Argentina in the twentieth century in a comprehensive analysis of the relations between consumers, goods, manufacturers, advertisers, and the state during Juan Peron's reign. She examines the social and political changes that occurred when the general population became consumers of industrial goods and participants in consumption"--Provided by publisher.

New developments in legislation have increased the availability of employment. These advances result in long-term improvement of economic and sustainable development. Employment Protection Legislation in Emerging Economies is a critical scholarly resource that examines legislation relating to employment protection in developing economies and its impacts on unemployment, job creation, productivity, and the efficiency of the labor market. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics, such as labor reform, job creation, and the social protection agenda, this book is geared towards academicians, practitioners, and researchers seeking current research on legislation relating to employment protection.