Stroke Vascular Diseases

Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of heart attacks, strokes and peripheral vascular disease, is one of the major killers in the world. By 2020 WHO statistics indicate that it will be the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in both the industrialised world and the underdeveloped world. The disease develops slowly over many years in the innermost layer of large and medium-sized arteries (Fig. 1) (Scott, 1995; Ross, 1999; Naumova and Scott, 2000; Glass and Witztum, 2001; Libby, 2001). It does not usually become manifest before the fourth of fifth decade, but then often strikes with devas tating suddenness. Fifty per cent of individuals still die (25 per cent immedi ately) from their first heart attack; and morbidity from coronary heart disease and stroke is very significant. The disease has a profound impact on health care services and on industrial economies. The lesions of atherosclerosis Autopsy studies show that in humans atherosclerosis begins in the first and second decade of life. A similar disease can be produced in experimental animals, where diet and genetics can be manipulated to produce identical lesions. The earliest lesions are fatty streaks. These consist of an accumulation of lipid-engorged macrophages (foam cells) and T and B lymphocytes in the arterial intima. With time, the fatty streaks progress to intermediate lesions, composed of foam cells and smooth muscle cells.

Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.

Up-to-date discussion of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this common cause of stroke and cognitive impairment.

An essential resource for diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients outside the usual clinical categories.

Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease has been divided into four sections that focus on heart dysfunction and its associated characteristics (hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy and failure); vascular dysfunction and disease; ischemic heart disease; and novel therapeutic interventions. This volume is a compendium of different approaches to understanding cardiovascular disease and identifying the proteins, pathways and processes that impact it.

Read about author's personal experiences with strokes and Angina attacks, and steps he took to save his life; relearned speaking, reading, writing, walking and improved his memory on his own without medical help or caregiver. Senior Citizens will learn how to manage their own healthcare, develop their own therapies, and avoid future risk of stroke & heart disease. Manage self healing from stroke and heart attack, and prevent future occurrences. Seniors can minimize their dependence on caregivers and healthcare providers. Learn about healing fast through self management and taking charge of your health and well being. Nearly all Americans have at least partially blocked arteries which supply blood to the heart and brain. 71,000,000 Americans suffer from Cardio Vascular Disease. About 50% of the burden falls on women. More than 500,000 die of heart attack, and another 160,000 die of stroke occurrence each year. Patients get cured of one ailment just in time to develop another. Visit the doctor only when it is absolutely necessary, and don't be overly dependant on the medical community. Don't let a third party to experiment, make mistakes, and profit from your body.

This work started out quite modestly as an investigation into the geographic distribution of cerebrovascular disease. But one question soon led to another and it just growed, like Topsy. In fact, it is hard to characterize precisely what this should be called. It is in part a Review of the Literature, in part a critique and reworking of other publications, and in part a standard view of stroke epidemio logy in the more restricted sense of attack and mortality rates and distribution. Still the result would I hope provide a synthesis of the population features of stroke as they appear to me at this time - a highly individual interpretation of the "state of the art". I have studiously avoided any survey of the history of cerebrovascular disease, and citations are for those of most recent vintage appropriate to the situation. Literature in this field continues to burgeon; my references end with the Fall of 1967. When counting noses we must have numbers, so the reader will find a massive compilation of tables. They are however necessary, especially since so many of my statements seem to fly in the face of current orthodoxy, whether lay or medical. With the data, one may decide for himself their validity. Insofar as possible tables have been placed in the appendix. Unless an author is directly quoted by me, all interpretations of his data are my own and he should be held blameless.

The incidence of stroke in younger adults is rising, with approximately 5% of all ischaemic strokes occurring in individuals younger than 45 years and 10% occurring in those under 50. Causes and risk factor profiles among young ischaemic stroke patients differ significantly from those in elderly patients, and young patients frequently have genetic or other rare causes which require different diagnostic work-up and treatment strategies from older stroke patients. While the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of stroke are commonly covered elsewhere, there is little literature referring specifically to the treatment needs for younger stroke patients. Ischaemic Stroke in the Young brings together the latest research from leading stroke teams, and takes a detailed diagnostic approach to explore the issues particular to younger stroke victims. This problem-based approach complements existing stroke volumes, providing physicians and stroke service staff with the specific diagnostic and treatment information they need when dealing with younger stroke patients.

Accessible handbook covering the investigation, diagnosis and management of transient ischemic attacks and minor strokes.

Stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. With active and efficient nursing management in the initial hours after stroke onset and throughout subsequent care, effective recovery and rehabilitation is increased. Acute Stroke Nursing provides an evidence-based, practical text facilitating the provision of optimal stroke care during the primary prevention, acute and continuing care phases. This timely and comprehensive text is structured to follow the acute stroke pathway experienced by patients. It explores the causes, symptoms and effects of stroke, and provides guidance on issues such as nutrition, continence, positioning, mobility and carer support. The text also considers rehabilitation, discharge planning, palliative care and the role of the nurse within the multi-professional team. Acute Stroke Nursing is the definitive reference on acute stroke for all nurses and healthcare professionals wishing to extend their knowledge of stroke nursing. Evidence-based and practical in style, with case studies and practice examples throughout Edited and authored by recognised stroke nursing experts, clinicians and leaders in the field of nursing practice, research and education The first text to explore stroke management from UK and international perspectives, and with a nursing focus