Spring 2008

The Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, long one of Brookings's signature publications, has new leadership. The three incoming editors have all made outstanding contributions to economic research, economic policymaking, and the communication of economic ideas to a broad audience. They will ensure that BPEA continues to be a central meeting place for leading scholars analyzing important economic problems. The new editorial team will retain BPEA's focus on empirical research of current issues in macroeconomics and economic policy, emphasizing real-world events and institutions. The journal will uphold its tradition of excellence in areas such as fiscal and monetary policy, labor markets, wages and prices, the distribution of income and wealth, international capital flows, and international trade and development.

FEATURES The Work of Joe Wannamaker By Bob Duncan Late teacher shared his passion with a generation of carvers Best of Show Award-winning carvings from across the country First Cuts A carver’s journey to becoming a member of the Caricature Carvers of America On The Wild Side With Jeffrey Cooper By Kathleen Ryan Quality craftsmanship and wildlife carvings combine for delightfully whimsical furniture PROJECTS Classic Ball in Cage By Addison "Dusty" Dussinger This old-time whittling project is fun to carve and a real attention-getter Making Free-form, Custom Wooden Boxes By Mike Burton This lesson in joinery and "feeling" the wood produces boxes that are a joy to hold and touch Elegant Oak Leaf Mantel Clock By Wayne Barton Create a treasured family heirloom with easy, positive image chip-carving techniques Custom Presentation Plaque By Floyd L. Truitt Change the relief-carved elements for a personalized award Stylish Birdhouse By Barry McKenzie Relief-carved shingles and graceful designs adorn this essential songbird house Kolrosing: Norwegian Line Carving By Judy Ritger Easy-to-learn carving technique produces beautiful decorative designs TECHNIQUES Line Carving: Three Simple Styles By Chris Pye Master the basics of drawing with a veiner Express Yourself! By Jim Farr Photography by Roger Schroeder Convey emotions with exaggerated facial expressions Realistic Skin Tones By Lora S. Irish Simple mixtures and techniques to create a variety of flesh colors Cut Your Own Carving Blanks By Mark Duginski Simple technique reduces the time you spend roughing out a carving All About Files, Rasps, & Rifflers By Roger Schroeder These versatile tools have a wide range of carving uses Woodburning Eyes By Carole Jean Boyd Foolproof method makes it easy DEPARTMENTS Editor’s Letter From Our Mailbag News & Notes Tips & Techniques Reader Gallery New Products Relief Column Calendar of Events Coming Features Advertising Directory & Classifieds Teacher’s Corner - Brush Cleaning

Readers can lift the flap to find indicated colors, animals, and actions as children garden and play outside in the spring. On board pages.

Based on empirical studies of European energy and environmental policies, this book suggests that, in combination, these two policy fields form a consensus in the EU which might also become the basis for a new European ideology, namely European ‘sustainabilism’. It asks why an environmental conscience has grown since the late 1960s in the industrialised world and shows that whilst there is undeniable environmental degradation during this time, and that a European environmental conscience has mainly developed through successive steps of European integration in energy policy. In this connection between energy and the environmental we find one driver for European integration and indeed European identity. If sustainabilism should become a European ideology, it will substantially influence the way future Europeans will live. This book will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Studies, International Relations, Political Science, History, Economics, Sustainability Studies, Environmental and Energy Policies in Europe.

Kosher? That means the rabbi blessed it, right? Not exactly. In this captivating account of a Bible-based practice that has grown into a multibillions-dollar industry, journalist Sue Fishkoff travels throughout America and to Shanghai, China, to find out who eats kosher food, who produces it, who is responsible for its certification, and how this fascinating world continues to evolve. She explains why 86 percent of the 11.2 million Americans who regularly buy kosher food are not observant Jews—they are Muslims, Seventh-day Adventists, vegetarians, people with food allergies, and consumers who pay top dollar for food they believe “answers to a higher authority.” Fishkoff interviews food manufacturers, rabbinic supervisors, and ritual slaughterers; meets with eco-kosher adherents who go beyond traditional requirements to produce organic chicken and pasture-raised beef; sips boutique kosher wine in Napa Valley; talks to shoppers at an upscale kosher supermarket in Brooklyn; and marches with unemployed workers at the nation’s largest kosher meatpacking plant. She talks to Reform Jews who are rediscovering the spiritual benefits of kashrut, and to Conservative and Orthodox Jews who are demanding that kosher food production adhere to ethical and environmental values. And she chronicles the corruption, price-fixing, and strong arm tactics of early-twentieth-century kosher meat production, against which contemporary kashrut standards pale by comparison. A revelatory look at the current state of kosher in America, this book will appeal to anyone interested in food, religion, Jewish identity, or big business.