Source Code Modularization

This book presents source code modularization as a key activity in reverse engineering to extract the software architecture from the existing source code. To this end, it provides detailed techniques for source code modularization and discusses their effects on different software quality attributes. Nonetheless, it is not a mere survey of source code modularization algorithms, but rather a consistent and unifying theoretical modularization framework, and as such is the first publication that comprehensively examines the models and techniques for source code modularization. It enables readers to gain a thorough understanding of topics like software artifacts proximity, hierarchical and partitional modularization algorithms, search- and algebraic-based software modularization, software modularization evaluation techniques and software quality attributes and modularization. This book introduces students and software professionals to the fundamental ideas of source code modularization concepts, similarity/dissimilarity metrics, modularization metrics, and quality assurance. Further, it allows undergraduate and graduate students in software engineering, computer science, and computer engineering with no prior experience in the software industry to explore the subject in a step-by-step manner. Practitioners benefit from the structured presentation and comprehensive nature of the materials, while the large number of bibliographic references makes this book a valuable resource for researchers working on source code modularization.

Introducing modular techniques for building sophisticated programs using Python About This Book The book would help you develop succinct, expressive programs using modular deign The book would explain best practices and common idioms through carefully explained and structured examples It will have broad appeal as far as target audience is concerned and there would be take away for all beginners to Python Who This Book Is For This book is intended for beginner to intermediate level Python programmers who wish to learn how to use modules and packages within their programs. While readers must understand the basics of Python programming, no knowledge of modular programming techniques is required. What You Will Learn Learn how to use modules and packages to organize your Python code Understand how to use the import statement to load modules and packages into your program Use common module patterns such as abstraction and encapsulation to write better programs Discover how to create self-testing Python packages Create reusable modules that other programmers can use Learn how to use GitHub and the Python Package Index to share your code with other people Make use of modules and packages that others have written Use modular techniques to build robust systems that can handle complexity and changing requirements over time In Detail Python has evolved over the years and has become the primary choice of developers in various fields. The purpose of this book is to help readers develop readable, reliable, and maintainable programs in Python. Starting with an introduction to the concept of modules and packages, this book shows how you can use these building blocks to organize a complex program into logical parts and make sure those parts are working correctly together. Using clearly written, real-world examples, this book demonstrates how you can use modular techniques to build better programs. A number of common modular programming patterns are covered, including divide-and-conquer, abstraction, encapsulation, wrappers and extensibility. You will also learn how to test your modules and packages, how to prepare your code for sharing with other people, and how to publish your modules and packages on GitHub and the Python Package Index so that other people can use them. Finally, you will learn how to use modular design techniques to be a more effective programmer. Style and approach This book will be simple and straightforward, focusing on imparting learning through a wide array of examples that the readers can put into use as they read through the book. They should not only be able to understand the way modules help in improving development, but they should also be able to improvise on their techniques of writing concise and effective code.

The upcoming Java 9 module system will affect existing applications and offer new ways of creating modular and maintainable applications. With this hands-on book, Java developers will learn not only about the joys of modularity, but also about the patterns needed to create truly modular and reliable applications. Authors Sander Mak and Paul Bakker teach you the concepts behind the Java 9 module system, along with the new tools it offers. You’ll also learn how to modularize existing code and how to build new Java applications in a modular way. Understand Java 9 module system concepts Master the patterns and practices for building truly modular applications Migrate existing applications and libraries to Java 9 modules Use JDK 9 tools for modular development and migration

Programming Fundamentals - A Modular Structured Approach using C++ is written by Kenneth Leroy Busbee, a faculty member at Houston Community College in Houston, Texas. The materials used in this textbook/collection were developed by the author and others as independent modules for publication within the Connexions environment. Programming fundamentals are often divided into three college courses: Modular/Structured, Object Oriented and Data Structures. This textbook/collection covers the rest of those three courses.

Modularize your JavaScript code for better readability, greater maintainability, and enhanced testability About This Book Design and build fully modular, modern JavaScript applications using modular design concepts Improve code portability, maintainability, and integrity while creating highly scalable and responsive web applications Implement your own loosely coupled code blocks that can power highly maintainable and powerful applications in a flexible and highly responsive modular architecture Who This Book Is For If you are an intermediate to advanced JavaScript developer who has experience of writing JavaScript code but probably not in a modular, portable manner, or you are looking to develop enterprise level JavaScript applications, then this book is for you. A basic understanding of JavaScript concepts such as OOP, prototypal inheritance, and closures is expected. What You Will Learn Understand the important concepts of OOP in JavaScript, such as scope, objects, inheritance, event delegation, and more Find out how the module design pattern is used in OOP in JavaScript Design and augment modules using both tight augmentation and loose augmentation Extend the capabilities of modules by creating sub-modules using techniques such as cloning and inheritance Move from isolated module pieces to a cohesive, well integrated application modules that can interact and work together without being tightly coupled See how SandBoxing is used to create a medium for all the modules to talk to each other as well as to the core Use the concepts of modular application design to handle dependencies and load modules asynchronously Become familiar with AMD and CommonJS utilities and discover what the future of JavaScript holds for modular programming and architecture In Detail Programming in the modular manner is always encouraged for bigger systems—it is easier to achieve scalability with modular programming. Even JavaScript developers are now interested in building programs in a modular pattern. Modules help people who aren't yet familiar with code to find what they are looking for and also makes it easier for programmers to keep things that are related close together. Designing and implementing applications in a modular manner is highly encouraged and desirable in both simple and enterprise level applications. This book covers some real-life examples of modules and how we can translate that into our world of programming and application design. After getting an overview of JavaScript object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts and their practical usage, you should be able to write your own object definitions using the module pattern. You will then learn to design and augment modules and will explore the concepts of cloning, inheritance, sub-modules, and code extensibility. You will also learn about SandBoxing, application design, and architecture based on modular design concepts. Become familiar with AMD and CommonJS utilities. By the end of the book, you will be able to build spectacular modular applications in JavaScript. Style and approach This in-depth step-by-step guide will teach you modular programming with JavaScript. Starting from the basics, it will cover advanced modular patterns that can be used in sophisticated JavaScript applications.

Use Components to Improve Maintainability, Reduce Complexity, and Accelerate Testing in Large Rails Applications “This book gives Ruby pros a comprehensive guide for increasing the sophistication of their designs, without having to forsake the principles of elegance that keep them in our corner of the software world.” —Obie Fernandez, author, The RailsTM 5 Way, Fourth Edition As Rails applications grow, even experienced developers find it difficult to navigate code bases, implement new features, and keep tests fast. Components are the solution, and Component-Based Rails Applications shows how to make the most of them. Writing for programmers and software team leads who are comfortable with Ruby and Rails, Stephan Hagemann introduces a practical, start-to-finish methodology for modernizing and restructuring existing Rails applications. One step at a time, Hagemann demonstrates how to revamp Rails applications to exhibit visible, provably independent, and explicitly connected parts—thereby simplifying them and making them far easier for teams to manage, change, and test. Throughout, he introduces design concepts and techniques you can use to improve applications of many kinds, even if they weren’t built with Rails or Ruby. Learn how components clarify intent, improve collaboration, and simplify innovation and maintenance Create a full Rails application within a component, from first steps to migrations and dependency management Test component-based applications, manage assets and dependencies, and deploy your application to production Identify the seams in an existing Rails application, and refactor it to extract components Master a scripted, repeatable approach for refactoring Rails applications of any size Use component-based Rails with two popular structural patterns: hexagonal and DCI architecture Leverage your new component skills with other frameworks and languages Overcome the unique challenges that arise as you componentize Rails applications If you’re ready to simplify and revitalize your complex Rails systems, you’re ready for Component-Based Rails Applications. Register your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details.

Much of the innovative programming that powers the Internet, creates operating systems, and produces software is the result of "open source" code, that is, code that is freely distributed--as opposed to being kept secret--by those who write it. Leaving source code open has generated some of the most sophisticated developments in computer technology, including, most notably, Linux and Apache, which pose a significant challenge to Microsoft in the marketplace. As Steven Weber discusses, open source's success in a highly competitive industry has subverted many assumptions about how businesses are run, and how intellectual products are created and protected. Traditionally, intellectual property law has allowed companies to control knowledge and has guarded the rights of the innovator, at the expense of industry-wide cooperation. In turn, engineers of new software code are richly rewarded; but, as Weber shows, in spite of the conventional wisdom that innovation is driven by the promise of individual and corporate wealth, ensuring the free distribution of code among computer programmers can empower a more effective process for building intellectual products. In the case of Open Source, independent programmers--sometimes hundreds or thousands of them--make unpaid contributions to software that develops organically, through trial and error. Weber argues that the success of open source is not a freakish exception to economic principles. The open source community is guided by standards, rules, decisionmaking procedures, and sanctioning mechanisms. Weber explains the political and economic dynamics of this mysterious but important market development. Table of Contents: Preface 1. Property and the Problem of Software 2. The Early History of Open Source 3. What Is Open Source and How Does It Work? 4. A Maturing Model of Production 5. Explaining Open Source: Microfoundations 6. Explaining Open Source: Macro-Organization 7. Business Models and the Law 8. The Code That Changed the World? Notes Index Reviews of this book: In the world of open-source software, true believers can be a fervent bunch. Linux, for example, may act as a credo as well as an operating system. But there is much substance beyond zealotry, says Steven Weber, the author of The Success of Open Source...An open-source operating system offers its source code up to be played with, extended, debugged, and otherwise tweaked in an orgy of user collaboration. The author traces the roots of that ethos and process in the early years of computers...He also analyzes the interface between open source and the worlds of business and law, as well as wider issues in the clash between hierarchical structures and networks, a subject with relevance beyond the software industry to the war on terrorism. --Nina C. Ayoub, Chronicle of Higher Education Reviews of this book: A valuable new account of the [open-source software] movement. --Edward Rothstein, New York Times We can blindly continue to develop, reward, protect, and organize around knowledge assets on the comfortable assumption that their traditional property rights remain inviolate. Or we can listen to Steven Weber and begin to make our peace with the uncomfortable fact that the very foundations of our familiar "knowledge as property" world have irrevocably shifted. --Alan Kantrow, Chief Knowledge Officer, Monitor Group Ever since the invention of agriculture, human beings have had only three social-engineering tools for organizing any large-scale division of labor: markets (and the carrots of material benefits they offer), hierarchies (and the sticks of punishment they impose), and charisma (and the promises of rapture they offer). Now there is the possibility of a fourth mode of effective social organization--one that we perhaps see in embryo in the creation and maintenance of open-source software. My Berkeley colleague Steven Weber's book is a brilliant exploration of this fascinating topic. --J. Bradford DeLong, Department of Economics, University of California at Berkeley Steven Weber has produced a significant, insightful book that is both smart and important. The most impressive achievement of this volume is that Weber has spent the time to learn and think about the technological, sociological, business, and legal perspectives related to open source. The Success of Open Source is timely and more thought provoking than almost anything I've come across in the past several years. It deserves careful reading by a wide audience. --Jonathan Aronson, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Southern California

Mastering advanced features of Java and implement them to build amazing projects Key Features Take advantage of Java's new modularity features to write real-world applications that solve a variety of problems Explore the major concepts introduced with Java 9, including modular programming, HTTP 2.0, API changes, and more Get to grips with tools, techniques and best practices to enhance application development Book Description Java 9 and its new features add to the richness of the language; Java is one of the languages most used by developers to build robust software applications. Java 9 comes with a special emphasis on modularity with its integration with Jigsaw. This course is your one-stop guide to mastering the language. You'll be provided with an overview and explanation of the new features introduced in Java 9 and the importance of the new APIs and enhancements. Some new features of Java 9 are ground-breaking; if you are an experienced programmer, you will be able to make your enterprise applications leaner by learning these new features. You'll be provided with practical guidance in applying your newly acquired knowledge of Java 9 and further information on future developments of the Java platform. This course will improve your productivity, making your applications faster. Next, you'll go on to implement everything you've learned by building 10 cool projects. You will learn to build an email filter that separates spam messages from all your inboxes, a social media aggregator app that will help you efficiently track various feeds, and a microservice for a client/server note application, to name just a few. By the end of this course, you will be well acquainted with Java 9 features and able to build your own applications and projects. This Learning Path contains the best content from the following two recently published Packt products: •Mastering Java 9 •Java 9 Programming Blueprints What you will learn Package Java applications as modules using the Java Platform Module System Implement process management in Java using the all-new process handling API Integrate your applications with third-party services in the cloud Interact with mail servers, using JavaMail to build an application that filters spam messages Use JavaFX to build rich GUI-based applications, which are an essential element of application development Leverage the possibilities provided by the newly introduced Java shell Test your application's effectiveness with the JVM harness See how Java 9 provides support for the HTTP 2.0 standard Who this book is for This learning path is for Java developers who are looking to move a level up and learn how to build robust applications in the latest version of Java.

Develop modular applications using the Java Platform Module System, the single most anticipated feature in Java 9. You will improve maintainability and performance of your Java applications by deploying only modules that are needed and encapsulating their implementation details. Until now Java has been monolithic. Using any one part of Java has meant incorporating the entirety of the runtime environment, an approach ill-suited to the increasing number of IoT devices such as fitness monitors, kitchen appliances, toys and games, and so forth. This book shows a new way, to make Java scale from the smallest of footprints in the smallest of devices through desktop PCs and on up to server platforms. With Java 9 Modularity Revealed you will learn to make your projects more reliable and scalable than ever using the most important feature in Java 9—The Java Platform Module System, known more commonly as Project Jigsaw. You will learn how to avoid one of the major pain points of Java programming, that of conflicting class names from different modules, or packages. You will learn to create custom run-time images that represent a minimal and more compact JRE containing only those modules that you need. You will further learn to migrate existing Java applications to modular ones using different approaches and tools. The end result is a new ability to plug together different modules without fear of namespace and other conflicts, and you can deploy to everything from small devices to large servers. This book provides code examples and explanations. What You'll Learn Build Java applications using the new modular system introduced in Java 9 Create your own JRE consisting only of the modules that you require Adapt your testing techniques toward modular applications lare your dependencies on other modules Enable modules to export only specific packages Migrate existing Java applications to modular ones Improve maintainability and performance of Java applications Who This Book Is For Experienced Java programmers wanting to keep up and become informed on the new modularity support in Java 9