Socio Economic Development And Demographic Changes In Malaysian Society

Richard Leete presents a detailed and original analysis of the dimensions of the fertility transition that has occurred among the three major ethnic communities in Peninsular Malaysia since 1957 and among the ethnic communities in Sabah and Sarawak since 1960.

Population and development are inextricably interrelated. Population size and structure are crucial factors affecting opportunities, pressures, and constraints of society. The high fertility and rapid population growth in low-resource countries have hampered socio-economic development. However, as fertility began to fall rapidly since the middle of the 20th century, many post-demographic-transition countries are undergoing rapid population ageing and encountering labour shortages Sabah is the second-most populous state in Malaysia, with about 4 million population in 2020. It has registered the second-highest population growth rate over the past four decades, brought about by the influx of migrant workers due to the severe labour shortage. The number of non-citizens grew from 420 thousand in 1990 to 1.094 million in 2020. Non-citizens made up close to 30% of the state population during 2013 – 2018, up from around 26% in 2009 – 2010. However, the negative growth of the non-citizens in Sabah during 2018 – 2020 has resulted in zero growth of the state population. This book is a sequel to the series on “Revisiting Population- Development Nexus: The Past in Its Future, 2016”, and “Demographic Transition and Socio-economic Development in Malaysia, 2020”by the Universiti Malaysia Press. Given Sabah’s unique socio-demographic situation, this book will provide a comprehensive analysis of the demographic situation, emphasizing the young generation and the changing roles and status of women in Sabah. The book consists of 14 chapters, covering population situation analysis at the state and district levels; functional population projection; gender differentials in education, employment, and income; internal and international migration; marriage; fertility and fertility preferences; family planning; family and gender roles; youth in development; adolescent sexual and reproductive health; women and youth in the hotel industry; and growth of the non-citizen population. Each chapter examines gender differentials and provides a comparative analysis with Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia. The book will serve as a useful reference for planners and administrators from the public and private sectors, researchers, and students.

Views population variables as both determinants and consequences of economic development and social progress. Deals with population trends in the process of socio-economic development within the framework of demographic transition theory. Covers the impact of population growth on development.

Since 1957, Malaysia's economic development has been an account of growth, transformation, and of structural change. More than 75 per cent of its gross domestic product (GDP) comes from the manufacturing and services sectors. However, Malaysia is stuck in a middle-income trap and is facing challenges on the economic and political front. In June 2010, Prime Minister Najib Razak unveiled the 10th Malaysian Plan (2011-15) to chart the development of Malaysia from a middle- to high-income nation. This publication represents a policy-oriented stocktake and evaluation by academics, policymakers, and business people on Malaysia's achievements, present work-in-progress endeavours, and some of the future challenges facing the nation in its pursuit to achieve a developed high-income country status.

The Malaysian economy is developing fast within the context of increasing globalization. The book analyses in depth Malaysia's policies aimed at promoting international trade, economic growth and social welfare. It also studies Malaysia's position in the Southeast Asia region and in a global context. This analysis forms the basis for the formulation of an alternative development strategy, whose aim is producing a caring civil society and enhancing the general welfare of the population while developing the economy.

This book presents the future development of Malaysia. It puts together building blocks to achieve a better future. These blocks are poverty and income inequality, population, demography and urbanization, growth and technological progress, education, human capital and skills, finance, labor, the environment, and health care. It examines the reasons for the decline in the agricultural sector with an emphasis on food security. It discusses Malaysia’s economic growth and structural change compared to some of the Northeast East Asian and Southeast Asian countries. It explains the projections of population and demographic change and its bearing on government policies. It evaluates the country’s education sector and discusses the strategies to improve its role in the country further. It argues for replacing ethnic-based approaches with a needs-based system for the future direction to build a plural Malaysia. This insightful book is of interest across several fields, including demography, economic development, and urbanization.