Sizing And Operation Of Residential Photovoltaic Systems In Combination With Battery Storage Systems And Heat Pumps

The thriving business case of residential photovoltaic systems in combination with battery storage systems and other flexibility options, such as heat pumps, leads to additional questions for PV network integration and increases the complexity of planning processes for all involved stakeholders – especially for investors and distribution network operators. In this thesis mixed integer linear and bilevel optimization models are developed for evaluating the interdependencies between these stakeholders and their strategic decision making. A case study-based approach allows assessing how different incentives impact sizing and operation of PV battery storage systems, their network integration and their complementarity towards other flexibility options for improved sector coupling. The analysis of the case studies underlines the importance of using multi-stakeholder optimization models. Appropriate incentive setting and sector coupling decelerate emerging self-reinforcing processes between higher network charges, larger system sizes and inefficient PV network integration. Furthermore, curtailment limits and peak charges help activating a network-supporting operation of battery storage systems and other flexibilities.

In recent years a rapid growth in the interest in self-consumption of electricity generated by distributed electricity generation technologies such as rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems has been observed in the residential sector. Due to this development, future residential house energy systems will face an increased complexity with respect to operation, system configuration and sizing of generation and storage technologies. In this thesis, a mixed integer linear programming model for the integrated operation, configuration and sizing of house energy systems is developed and discussed with respect to its applicability to the specifics of self-consumption in residential dwellings. The conducted scenario analysis shows, that over a wide range of assumptions, PV is a robust measure to decrease the total cost of ownership for heat pump and gas boiler based house energy systems. The existence of a feed-in-tariff and the electricity price structure have a much larger influence on the results than the energy price development. A feed-in-tariff generally incentivizes larger PV systems with higher levels of self-sufficiency, whereas small demand-driven PV systems with high levels of self-consumption are favored in absence of a feed-in-tariff. Overall, the proposed model is regarded as applicable for the identified minimum flexibility requirements for the employed generation technologies. The results from the scenario computations provide a clear and robust picture of the role of electricity generation technologies and flexibility options for future house energy systems.

This book focuses on the interaction between different energy vectors, that is, between electrical, thermal, gas, and transportation systems, with the purpose of optimizing the planning and operation of future energy systems. More and more renewable energy is integrated into the electrical system, and to optimize its usage and ensure that its full production can be hosted and utilized, the power system has to be controlled in a more flexible manner. In order not to overload the electrical distribution grids, the new large loads have to be controlled using demand response, perchance through a hierarchical control set-up where some controls are dependent on price signals from the spot and balancing markets. In addition, by performing local real-time control and coordination based on local voltage or system frequency measurements, the grid hosting limits are not violated.

Energy systems are encountered in daily life, whether through smartphones, laptops or cordless tools. Cars using fossil fuels are being replaced with electric and battery powered drives, and storage solutions are being implemented to better integrate renewable energies into the grid. Energy Storage Systems introduces the different storage technologies available today. It begins with mechanical and electrical storage and describes in detail electrochemical storage technologies such as lead and lithium-ion batteries. However, this book aims to explain not only what storage technologies exist but also how these storage technologies are applied in storage systems. Therefore, this book provides a short introduction to requirements management and system engineering to explain how storage systems are designed. Furthermore, the book explains the most important power conversion techniques. The technologies presented are applied in many application examples throughout the book and range from solar power storage systems to battery supported mobile phone masts and commercial vehicles equipped with a hybrid drive system.

This book provides a comprehensive study on state-of-the-art developments in the control, operation, and market participation of active buildings (ABs). Active buildings can support the broader energy system by intelligent integration of renewable-based energy technologies for heating, cooling, electricity, and transport. This important reference analyzes the key features of modern control and operation techniques applied to these systems. Contributions from an international team of experts present practical methods with evidence and case studies from applications to real-world or simulated active buildings. Sample computer codes and analytical examples aid in the understanding of the presented methods. The book will support researchers working on the control and operation of buildings as an energy system, smart cities and smart grids, and microgrids, as well as researchers and developers from the building and energy engineering, economic, and operation research fields. Provides an in-depth review of building-level energy systems technologies; Covers codes, standards, and requirements for active building control systems; Includes sample computer code and analytical examples.

The heat storage based on thermochemical technology is associated with higher amounts of energy stored with respect to systems based on sensible heat. This interesting feature is stimulating the interest of the scientific community, among energy providers and grid managers, since it can effectively support the operation and integration of renewable high-efficiency systems and local smart grids. Research in this field is achieving unprecedented goals thanks to the profitable exploitation of results obtained in the field of heat pumps and thermally driven systems. The present issue offers the reader a sensational window to this rapidly evolving world.

Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Sustainable Advanced Solar Passive House provides a platform to disseminate knowledge regarding the basics of solar energy, heat transfer, and solar houses, including designing concepts. Apart from a brief introduction to solar physics and thermodynamics, the book primarily deals with the technical description of solar houses and associated concepts. Different types of photovoltaic modules and their integration with the buildings are discussed with case studies, including energy balance equations and fundamental energy matrices. It discusses concepts like energy matrices, solar passive heating/cooling, architecture design, low-cost building, energy/exergy analysis, building integrated photovoltaic, and energy conservation.