Sensory Motor Aspects Of Nervous Systems Disorders Insights From Biosensors And Smart Technology In The Dynamic Assessment Of Disorders Their Progression And Treatment Outcomes

The ability to use tools skillfully is generally regarded as one of the major achievements in the evolutionary development of the human nervous system. It is possible for controlled movements of muscles to be executed only if sensory information is integrated into complex neural circuits at various hierarchical levels. The chapters in this volume deal with basic and clinical aspects of integrative processing of sensory and motor activities. New findings emphasize the important influence of somatosensory activity such as tactile, proprioceptive, noxious cutaneous, and articular input on motor output. Furthermore, recordings of evoked potentials as well as unit recordings indicate that sensory and cortical activities are highly interrelated. Control of muscles by motoneurons is exerted both electrically and chemically. Disturbed muscle-motoneuron interaction is reflected in ultrastructural motoneuron morphology and may be of importance in the pathogenesis of motoneuron disease. Long loop reflex testing under various pathological conditions provides insight into disturbed sensory motor circuitry in humans. Electrophysiological recording as well as neurochemical and im munohistochemical studies elucidate the neural circuitry of basal ganglia and their neural connections, thus providing improved therapeutic concepts. The role of the thalamus and thalamocortical connections in sensory motor processing is of particular interest, because motor disturbances such as tremor or dystonia can be effectively relieved by stereotaxic interventions at the subthalamic or thalamic level.

Objective Biometric Methods for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Nervous System Disorders provides a new and unifying methodological framework, introducing new objective biometrics to characterize patterns of sensory motor control underlying symptoms. Its goal is to radically transform the ways in which disorders of the nervous system are currently diagnosed, tracked, researched and treated. This book introduces new ways to bring the laboratory to the clinical setting, to schools and to settings of occupational and physical therapy. Ready-to-use, graphic user interfaces are introduced to provide outcome measures from wearable sensors that automatically assess in near real time the effectiveness of interventions. Lastly, examples of how the new framework has been effectively utilized in the context of clinical trials are provided. Provides methods and their implementation using real data and simple computer programs that students and researchers from less technically trained fields can use Describes the motivation for methods according to the problem domain in light of existing methods for each chapter, along with their lack of neuroscientific foundation and invalid statistical assumptions Accompanied by a companion website which contains Appendices with MATLAB codes and data samples to generate the graphics displayed in all chapter figures Features videos illustrating the experimental set up for scenarios and methods described in each chapter Includes step-by-step explanations of paradigms in each clinical or typical sample population to enable reproducibility of the study across different clinical phenotypes and levels of expertise in sports, the performing arts, or mere individual academic predispositions/preferences

Neural engineering is a discipline that uses engineering techniques to understand, repair, replace, enhance, or treat diseases of neural systems. Currently, no book other than this one covers this broad range of topics within motor rehabilitation technology. With a focus on cutting edge technology, it describes state-of-the-art methods within this field, from brain-computer interfaces to spinal and cortical plasticity. Touching on electrode design, signal processing, the neurophysiology of movement, robotics, and much more, this innovative volume collects the latest information for a wide range of readers working in biomedical engineering.

Drs. Bundy and Lane, with their team of contributing experts and scholars, provide guidance and detailed case examples of assessment and intervention based in sensory integration theory. They describe the neurophysiological underpinnings and synthesize current research supporting the theory and intervention.

Autism: The Movement Sensing Perspective is the result of a collaborative effort by parents, therapists, clinicians, and researchers from all disciplines in science including physics, engineering, and applied mathematics. This book poses questions regarding the current conceptualization and approach to the study of autism, providing an alternative unifying data-driven framework grounded in physiological factors. This book reaches beyond subjective descriptions of autistic phenomena and embraces a new era of objective measurements, analyses, and statistical inferences. The authors harness activities from the nervous systems across the brain and body (often in tandem), and introduce a platform for the comprehensive personalized phenotyping of individuals with autism. The impact of this approach is discussed to advance the development of tailored treatments options, enhance the ability to longitudinally track symptomatology, and to fundamentally empower affected individuals and their families. This book encompasses a new era for autism research and treatments, and our continuous effort to collectively empower and embrace the autistic community.

Biomedical signals provide unprecedented insight into abnormal or anomalous neurological conditions. The computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system plays a key role in detecting neurological abnormalities and improving diagnosis and treatment consistency in medicine. This book covers different aspects of biomedical signals-based systems used in the automatic detection/identification of neurological disorders. Several biomedical signals are introduced and analyzed, including electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), magnetoencephalogram (MEG), and electromyogram (EMG). It explains the role of the CAD system in processing biomedical signals and the application to neurological disorder diagnosis. The book provides the basics of biomedical signal processing, optimization methods, and machine learning/deep learning techniques used in designing CAD systems for neurological disorders.

Over 200 neuroscientists met at the Max-Planck-Institut fur Biophysikalische Chemie in Gottingen between April 7th-9th 1983 in order to honour a foreign member of the Institute, namely Sir John Carew Eccles, who celebrated his 80th birthday on January 27th 1983. It was a lively scientific gathering of former students, colleagues and friends of Sir John and Lady Helena. We had all come together from different parts of the world to celebrate this occasion, which gave us the wonderful chance to meet the various members of a large family, united by respect and gratitude for Sir John. The lectures were based on the many themes which have been at the centre of John Eccles' scientific zeal throughout his life. Indeed the chapter headings of this book have been taken from the book titles of Sir John's own work. We would also have liked to publish the discussions which took place after every lecture and to each of which John Eccles contributed in his usual lively manner, but editing them would not have conveyed the stimulating atmosphere, which Sir John created.

Neurologie, cerveau, pathologie, neuropathologie, intégration sensorielle, psychophysiologie