Screening Violence 1

Following the release in 1967 of "Bonnie and Clyde" and "The Dirty Dozen", violence has been seen as a defining feature of the modern film. Is it art or exploitation? Danger or liberation? This volume provides an exmination of the history and effects of graphic violence on film.

Gender-Based Violence in Latin American and Iberian Cinemas rethinks the intersection between violence and its gendered representation. This is a groundbreaking contribution to the international debate on the cinematic construction of gender-based violence. With essays from diverse cultural backgrounds and institutions, this collection analyzes a wide range of films across Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula. The volume makes use of varied perspectives including feminist, postcolonial, and queer theory to consider such issues as the visual configuration of power and inequality, the objectification and the invisibilization of women’s and LGBTQ subjects’ resistance, the role of female film-makers in transforming hegemonic accounts of violence, and the subversion of common tropes of gendered violence. This will be of significance for students and scholars in Latin American and Iberian studies, as well as in film studies, cultural studies, and gender and queer studies.

Despite the need and the potential for healthcare providers to play an active role in prevention and intervention into domestic violence, there is little evidence that they are doing so in large numbers or systematic ways. This book reviews the literature on screening, identification, intervention, and prevention of partner violence across healthcare specialties and disciplines to benefit the development of effective domestic violence prevention programs. Primary care, psychiatric and mental health care, emergency department settings as well as subspecialties such as emergency rooms, ophthalmology, and infectious disease are considered.

This issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, edited by Mack T. Ruffin IV, MD, MPH and Cameron G. Shultz PhD, MSW, is devoted to Preventive Medicine. Articles in this issue include Risk Assessment Approach Screening; Substance Use and Tobacco Screening; Sexually Transmitted Infections; Planned Pregnancy; Violence Screening; Breast Cancer Screening; Lung Cancer Screening; Colorectal Cancer Screening; Prostate Cancer Screening; Heart Disease Screening; Screening for Depression; and Use of Genetic Markers.

This study reviews two decades of research on mental disorder and presents empirical and theoretical work which aims to determine more accurate predictions of violent behaviour.

PURPOSE: To systematically review the evidence on screening for intimate partner violence (IPV), elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults for populations and settings relevant to primary care in the United States. DATA SOURCES: PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and trial registries through October 4, 2017; reference lists of retrieved articles; outside experts; reviewers; and active surveillance of literature since August 2018. STUDY SELECTION: Two investigators independently selected English-language studies using a priori criteria. Eligible studies included randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) of screening or treatment for abuse victimization, studies evaluating accuracy of screening tests to detect abuse, and cohort studies with a concurrent control group assessing the harms of screening or treatment for abuse. DATA EXTRACTION: One investigator extracted data and a second checked accuracy. Two reviewers independently rated quality for all included studies using predefined criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS: Thirty studies (14,959 participants) were included. Three RCTs (3,759 participants) compared IPV screening (with brief intervention and information about referral options for screen positive women) with no screening; none found significant improvements in any outcome over 3 to 18 months (e.g., IPV, quality of life, or depression) and two RCTs (1,051 participants) reported no harms associated with screening. Fifteen studies assessed the accuracy of one or more abuse screening tools (1,051 participants); studies reported on different measures (e.g., current, past-year, or lifetime IPV). Nine studies assessed tools to detect any past-year or current IPV in women; for past-year IPV (5 studies; n=6,331), sensitivity of five tools ranged from 65 to 87 percent, and specificity ranged from 80 to 95 percent. The accuracy of five tools (4 studies; n=1,795) for detecting current abuse varied widely; sensitivity ranged from 46 to 94 percent, and specificity ranged from 38 to 95 percent. Eleven RCTs (6,740 participants) evaluated interventions for adult women with screen-detected IPV or who were considered at risk for IPV. Eight reported on the incidence of any category of IPV; two of these (575 participants) found a statistically significant benefit in favor of the intervention, one home visiting intervention (standardized mean difference -0.34; 95% CI, -0.59 to -0.08) and one behavioral counseling intervention addressing multiple risk factors (SMD -0.40; 95% CI, -0.68 to -0.12). Of the six other RCTs reporting on measures of any IPV exposure, one home visiting intervention (N=643) found an association with reduced IPV, but differences were not statistically significant (SMD -0.04; 95% CI, -0.23 to 0.14), and five RCTs (7,283 participants) found similar rates of IPV in both groups with no statistically significant differences between groups. Two RCTs (210 participants) reported on subtypes of violence only and found mixed results. One RCT assessing a behavioral counseling intervention targeted at multiple risk factors (IPV, smoking, depression, tobacco exposure) reported on birth outcomes among the subgroup of women who screened positive for IPV at baseline (306 of 1,044 enrolled participants) and found no significant difference between groups in rates of low birth weight neonates (

A health-care provider is likely to be the first professional contact for survivors of intimate partner violence or sexual assault. Evidence suggests that women who have been subjected to violence seek health care more often than non-abused women, even if they do not disclose the associated violence. They also identify health-care providers as the professionals they would most trust with disclosure of abuse. These guidelines are an unprecedented effort to equip healthcare providers with evidence-based guidance as to how to respond to intimate partner violence and sexual violence against women. They also provide advice for policy makers, encouraging better coordination and funding of services, and greater attention to responding to sexual violence and partner violence within training programmes for health care providers. The guidelines are based on systematic reviews of the evidence, and cover: 1. identification and clinical care for intimate partner violence 2. clinical care for sexual assault 3. training relating to intimate partner violence and sexual assault against women 4. policy and programmatic approaches to delivering services 5. mandatory reporting of intimate partner violence. The guidelines aim to raise awareness of violence against women among health-care providers and policy-makers, so that they better understand the need for an appropriate health-sector response. They provide standards that can form the basis for national guidelines, and for integrating these issues into health-care provider education.

Screening #MeToo offers an important and timely discussion of the pervasive nature of rape culture in Hollywood. Essays in the collection examine films released from the 1960s onward, a broad period that coincides with the end of the Motion Picture Production Code in Hollywood, which resulted in more frequent and increasingly graphic images of sex and violence being included in mainstream movies. Focusing on narratives in which surveillance and sexual violence feature prominently, contributors from North America and Europe examine a variety of film genres, including spy films, teen comedies, kitchen sink dramas, coming-of-age stories, rape/revenge films, and horror films. Reflecting the increasing social and academic awareness of sexual violence in Hollywood film and its transmission and cultivation of rape culture in the United States and abroad, they are concerned not only with the content of the films under scrutiny but also with the clear relationship between the stories, how they are being told, and the culture that produced them. Screening #MeToo challenges readers to look at mainstream Hollywood films differently, in light of attitudes about art and power, sexuality and consent, and the pleasures and frustrations of criticizing "entertainment" films from these perspectives.

Elder Abuse and Its Prevention is the summary of a workshop convened in April 2013 by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Global Violence Prevention. Using an ecological framework, this workshop explored the burden of elder abuse around the world, focusing on its impacts on individuals, families, communities, and societies. Additionally, the workshop addressed occurrences and co-occurrences of different types of abuse, including physical, sexual, emotional, and financial, as well as neglect. The ultimate objective was to illuminate promising global and multisectoral evidence-based approaches to the prevention of elder maltreatment. While the workshop covered scope and prevalence and unique characteristics of abuse, the intention was to move beyond what is known about elder abuse to foster discussions about how to improve prevention, intervention, and mitigation of the victims' needs, particularly through collaborative efforts. The workshop discussions included innovative intervention models and opportunities for prevention across sectors and settings. Violence and related forms of abuse against elders is a global public health and human rights problem with far-reaching consequences, resulting in increased death, disability, and exploitation with collateral effects on well-being. Data suggest that at least 10 percent of elders in the United States are victims of elder maltreatment every year. In low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of violence is the greatest, the figure is likely even higher. In addition, elders experiencing risk factors such as diminishing cognitive function, caregiver dependence, and social isolation are more vulnerable to maltreatment and underreporting. As the world population of adults aged 65 and older continues to grow, the implications of elder maltreatment for health care, social welfare, justice, and financial systems are great. However, despite the magnitude of global elder maltreatment, it has been an underappreciated public health problem. Elder Abuse and Its Prevention discusses the prevalence and characteristics of elder abuse around the world, risk factors for abuse and potential adverse health outcomes, and contextually specific factors, such as culture and the role of the community.

In this comprehensive look at adolescent screening and holistic health in the technology age, Dr. Vincent Morelli reviews the history of the adolescent health screen, what is being used now, and what needs to be considered in the future. An ideal resource for primary care physicians, pediatricians, and others in health care who work with adolescents, it consolidates today’s available information on this timely topic into a single convenient resource. Covers the history of the adolescent medical history and the need for an update of the biopsychosocial model, which has not significantly changed since 1977. Discusses nutrition screening, sleep screening, exercise screening, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) screening, educational screening, behavioral and emotional screening, and more. Presents the knowledge and experience of leading experts who have assembled the most up-to-date recommendations for adolescent health screening. Explores today’s knowledge of health screening and discusses future directions to ensure healthy habits in adolescents, including education and self-efficacy.